【正文】 at you were told us her hope that she would bee a made a promise that he would never e ： that 既可引導同位語從句又可引導定語從句，其區(qū)別在于：同位語從句由連接詞that引導，連接詞that本身無意義，在同位語從句中不充當任何成分，不可省略，不可以用其他詞替代；定語從句由關系代詞that引導，關系代詞that在從句中充當一定的成分，作賓語時可省略，由when, why, where引導的 同位語從句和定語從句的區(qū)別在于： 同位語從句由連接副詞只起連接作用，沒有指代作用； 定語從句由關系副詞引導，關系副詞具有指代先行詞的作用，常用一個介詞加關系代詞替換。He is interested in sports, especially ball ,特別是球類運動。,還可以表示部分意義。Yesterday I talked to my English teacher, 。He himself told me that his brother John is a worldfamous ,他的兄長約翰是一位世界聞名的醫(yī)生。a friend of my brother39。 new teacher的同位語,指同一人。,其中前項與后項所指相同,句法功能也相同,后項是前項的同位語。例如：Wherever the sea is , you will find 同位語一個名詞(或其它形式)對另一個名詞或代詞進行修飾，限定或說明，這個名詞(或其它形式)就是同位語。【注意】anywhere本身是個副詞，但是，?？梢砸龑木?，相當于連詞，意思相似于wherever, anywhere引導的從句可位于主句之前，也可以位于主句之后。Where the Communist Party of China goes, there the people are ，哪里人民得解放。因此他們走到哪里都受到熱烈歡迎。例如：Where there is no rain, farming is difficult or ，耕作是困難的，或根本不可能的。4地點狀語從句(adverbial clause of place)地點狀語從句一般由連接副詞where, wherever等引導，已經(jīng)形成了固定的句型，例如：句型1：Where＋地點從句，（there）＋主句。I will fight against these conditions as long as there is a breath in my body!只要我一息尚存，我就要反對這種境況。這兩個連詞表示“有多久……就多久”。You grow younger every time I see ，見你更年輕了。Whenever that man says“To tell the truth”, I suspect that he39。 time, every time和whenever引導的時間狀語從句。例如：By the time you came back, I had finished this ，我已經(jīng)寫完這本書了。 the time引導的時間狀語從句。Hardly had I sat down when he stepped ，他就進來了。例如：He had no sooner arrived home than he was asked to start on another ，就被邀請開始另一旅程。主句用過去完成時，從句用一般過去時。As soon as I reach Canada, I will ring you ，就給你來電話。例如：I will go there directly I have finished my ，我立即到那里去。 soon as, immediately, directly, instantly, the moment, the instant, the minute, 等引導的時間狀語從句。Where have you been since I last saw you? 自上次我和你見面以后，你到哪里去了？It is four years since my sister lived in 。但在It is ＋時間＋since從句的句型中，主句多用一般現(xiàn)在時。since引導的從句的謂語動詞可以是延續(xù)性的動詞，又可以是瞬時動詞。Please wait until I 。I didn39。It was not until the meeting was over that he began to teach me 。例如：I didn39。till和until一般情況下兩者可以互換，但是在強調(diào)句型中多用until。After we had finished the work, we went ，我們回家了。They had not been married four months before they were 。Einstein almost knocked me down before he saw 。主句和從句的動作的時間關系正好與before引導的從句相反。當主句用將來時，從句總是用現(xiàn)在時；如果before引導的從句謂語用的是過去時，則主句動詞多用過去完成時，這樣以便體現(xiàn)動作發(fā)生的先后。注意before引導的從句不再用否定式的謂語，并且當before引導的從句位于主句之后，有時譯成“就，才”。（as表示“一邊……一邊”）As we was going out, it began to ，開始下雪了。（對比）As表示“一邊……一邊”，as引導的動作是延續(xù)性的動作，一般用于主句和從句動作同時發(fā)生；as也可以強調(diào)“一先一后。并且while有時還可以表示對比。（延續(xù)性的動詞）We were about to leave when he came ，就在那時他進來了。例如：When she came in, I stopped ，我在吃飯。【區(qū)別】when, while和as的區(qū)別：when引導的從句的謂語動詞可以是延續(xù)性的動詞，又可以是瞬時動詞。You can feel the air moving as your hand pushes through ，你就能感覺到空氣在流動。When truth is buried under the ground it grows, it chokes, it gathers such an explosive force that on the day it bursts out , it blows up everything with ，它在生長，它感到壓抑，它蓄存著這么一種爆炸性力量，一旦冒出，它就會炸破一切！Strike while the iron is 。3時間狀語從句（adverbial clause of time）, while, as引導的時間狀語從句。（從句中的謂語動詞用現(xiàn)在完成時have finished，表示將來完成時,決不可用will have finished）If he es back, please let me ，請通知我。例如：I will call you as soon as I arrive in 。(adverbial clause of result)167。 1狀語從句的種類用來修飾謂語動詞、其它動詞、定語、狀語或整個句子的從句叫做狀語從句。We arrived the day that(on which)they 。而且，如果which在從句中作“不及物動詞＋介詞”的介詞的賓語，注意介詞不要丟 掉，而且介詞總是放在關系代詞which的前邊，但有的則放在它原來的位置，根據(jù)先行詞與定語從句之間的語義關系，先行詞與which之間的介詞不能丟，但在帶有下列詞的句子中用that而不用which，這些詞包括all, anything, much等，這時的that常被省略，分別作從句中的主語和賓語，whom作賓語時，要注意它可以作動詞的賓語也可以作介詞的賓語，用來表示地點的定語從句〔注〕值得一提的是，表示時間“time”一詞的定語從句只用when引導，有時不用任何關系代詞，當然也不用that引導By the time you arrive in London, we will have stayed there for two still remember the first time I met time he goes to besiness trip, he brings a lot of living necessities, such as towers, soap, toothbrush ，修飾名詞作定語，相當于所修飾成分的前置所有格, any, no, somebody, anybody, nobody, something, anything, everything或nothing時，常用there is來引導二、非限定性定語從句：非限定性定語從句的作用是對所修飾的成分作進一步說明，通常和主句間用逗號隔開，將從句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立，that有時相當于in which, at which, for which或at whichAttitudes towards daydreaming are changing in much the same way that(in which)attitudes towards night dreaming have ，這與人們對夜間做夢的看法的變化有非常相似之處。名詞從句包括主語從句，賓語從句，表語從句和同位語從句及there be句型。，不能用that，而用who, whom代表人，用which代表事物三、定語從句結構錯誤最佳答案定語從句是由關系代詞和關系副詞引導的從句，其作用是作定語修飾主句的某個成分，定語從句分為限定性和非限定性從句兩種。I like the music for the very reason that(for which)he dislike ，而他恰恰與我相反。一、限定性定語從句，which代表事物；它們在從句中作主語或賓語，that在從句中作賓語時常可省略關系詞，which在從句中作賓語則不能省略。狀語從句分為時間狀語從句，結果狀語從句，讓步狀語從句，原因狀語從句，條件狀語從句以及行為方式狀語從句。如果主句時態(tài)是過去時，賓語從句一般要隨著改為相應的過去時（即一般過去時、過去進行時、過去完成時、過去將來時等）。誤：I thought（that）you are free today．正：I thought（that）you would be free today． 錯句中賓語從句用are很可能是因為有 today，但因為主句謂語是thought，所以從句謂語就該用過去將來時would be了。賓語從句中謂語動詞的時態(tài)，常常受主句謂語時態(tài)的制約，這種現(xiàn)象稱為“時態(tài)的呼應”。但是一旦我們注意了，我們不久就習慣于說“Do you know what time the plane arrives in Paris？”了。例如：10）You must remember what your teacher said．（河南省）11）—Dad，do you know when the football game will start？—In half an hour．（寧波市）12）漢譯英：你能不能告訴我，我們?nèi)タ赐l？誤：Can you tell me who（m）do we have to see？正：Can you tell me who（m）we have to see？錯句的錯誤出在賓語從句中誤用了疑問句的結構——主語前加了個助動詞do。）第二關，牢記賓語從句的語序是陳述句語序，即“連接詞＋主語＋謂語＋其他”。）9）He didn39。例如：8）I wonder where he got so much money．對他從哪里弄到那么多錢我感到疑惑。例如：6）The teac