【正文】 ise 評級實踐 Rating process for a pany 企業(yè)評級程序 Ratio analysis 比率分析Ratio analyst weaknesses ~L率分析的缺陷 Real insolvency 真實破產(chǎn)Real sales growth 實際銷售收入增長率 Realization concept 實現(xiàn)原則 Receivables 應(yīng)收賬款 Recession 衰退Reducing debtors 沖減應(yīng)收賬款 Reducing profits 沖減利潤Reducing provisions 沖減準備金Reducing reported profits 沖減賬面利潤 Reducing stocks 減少存貨Registrar of Companies 企業(yè)監(jiān)管局 Regulatory risk 監(jiān)管風(fēng)險Releasing provisions 沖回準備金 Relocation expenses 費用再分配 Reminder letters 催繳單Repayment on demand clause 即期償還條款Replacement of principal 償還本金 Report of chairman 總裁／董事長報告 Reserve accounting 準備金核算 Residual cash flows 剩余現(xiàn)金流量 Restricting bad debts 限制壞賬 Restrictions on secured borrowing 擔保借款限制 Retentionoftitle clauses 所有權(quán)保留條款Revenues 總收入Risk analysis reports 風(fēng)險分析報告 Risk and banks 風(fēng)險與銀行 Risk and panies 風(fēng)險與企業(yè) Risk and Return 風(fēng)險與回報 Risk capital 風(fēng)險資本Riskreward 風(fēng)險回報Riskweighted assets 風(fēng)險加權(quán)資產(chǎn) ROCE 資本收益率Romapla clauses “一手交錢一手交貨”條款 Sales 銷售額 Secondary ratios 分解比率Secure methods of payment 付款的擔保方式Secured assets 擔保資產(chǎn)Secured creditors 有擔保債權(quán)人 Secured loans 擔保貸款Securities and Exchange Commission(美國)證券交易委員會 Security guarantees 抵押擔保Security of payment 付款擔保Security general principles 擔保的一般原則 Segmentation 細分Setting and policing credit limits 信用限額的設(shè)定與政策制定 Settlement discount(提前)結(jié)算折扣 Settlement terms 結(jié)算條款 Share price 股價Shortterm borrowing 短期借款Shortterm creditors 短期負債 Shortterm liabilities 短期債務(wù) Shorttermism 短期化 SIC 常務(wù)詮釋委員會Significance of working capital 營運資金的重要性 Single credit customer 單一信用客戶Single ratio analysis 單一比率分析 Size of credit risk 信用風(fēng)險的大小 Slow stock turnover 較低的存貨周轉(zhuǎn)率 Sources of assessments 評估信息來源Sources of credit information 信用信息來源 Sources of risk 風(fēng)險來源 Sovereign rating 主權(quán)評級 Specialist agencies 專業(yè)機構(gòu) Specific debt issue 特別債券發(fā)行 Speculative 投機性Speculative grades 投機性評級 Split rating 分割評級Spot rate 現(xiàn)價(即期比率)Spreadsheets 電子數(shù)據(jù)表Staff redundancies 員工遣散費Standard and Poor 標準普爾Standard security clauses 標準擔保條款Standardamp。s assets 債權(quán)人的資產(chǎn)Default 違約Deferred payments 延期付款Definition of leverage 財務(wù)杠桿率定義 Deposit limits 儲蓄限額Depositing money 儲蓄資金Depreciation 折舊Depreciation policies 折舊政策 Development budget 研發(fā)預(yù)算 Differentiation 差別化 Direct loss 直接損失Directors salaries 董事薪酬Discretionary cash flows 自決性現(xiàn)金流量 Discretionary outflows 自決性現(xiàn)金流出 Distribution costs 分銷成本Dividend cover 股息保障倍數(shù)Dividend payout ratio 股息支付率Dividends 股利Documentary credit 跟單信用證DSO 應(yīng)收賬款的平均回收期Duration of credit risk 信用風(fēng)險期 Eastern bloc countries 東方集團國家EBITDA 扣除利息、稅收、折舊和攤銷之前的收益 ECGD 出口信貸擔保局Economic conditions 經(jīng)濟環(huán)境Economic cycles 經(jīng)濟周期Economic depression 經(jīng)濟蕭條Economic growth 經(jīng)濟增長Economic risk 經(jīng)濟風(fēng)險Electronic data interchange(EDI)電子數(shù)據(jù)交換 Environmental factors 環(huán)境因素Equity capital 權(quán)益資本 Equity finance 權(quán)益融資Equity stake 股權(quán)EU countries 歐盟國家 EU directives 歐盟法規(guī) EUlaw 歐盟法律 Eurobonds 歐洲債券European parliament 歐洲議會European Union 歐盟 Evergreen loan 常年貸款 Exceptional item 例外項目Excessive capital mitments 過多的資本承付款項Exchange controls 外匯管制Exchangecontrol regulations 外匯管制條例Exhaust method 排空法Existing petitors 現(xiàn)有競爭對手 Existing debt 未清償債務(wù)Export credit agencies 出口信貸代理機構(gòu)Export credit insurance 出口信貸保險 Export factoring 出口代理Export sales 出口額Exports Credit Guarantee Department 出口信貸擔保局Extending credit 信貸展期 External agency 外部機構(gòu)External assessment methods 外部評估方式 External assessments 外部評估External information sources 外部信息來源 Extraordinary items 非經(jīng)常性項目Extras 附加條件 Facility account 便利賬戶 Factoring 代理Factoring debts 代理收賬Factoring discounting 代理折扣Factors Chain International 國際代理連鎖Failure prediction scores 財務(wù)惡化預(yù)測分值FASB(美國)財務(wù)會計準則委員會 Faulty credit analysis 破產(chǎn)信用分析 Fees 費用Finance，new business ventures 為新興業(yè)務(wù)融資 Finance，repay existing debt 為償還現(xiàn)有債務(wù)融資 Finance,working capital 為營運資金融資Financial assessment 財務(wù)評估Financial cash flows 融資性現(xiàn)金流量Financial collapse 財務(wù)危機Financial flexibility 財務(wù)彈性Financial forecast 財務(wù)預(yù)測Financial instability 財務(wù)的不穩(wěn)定性Financial rating analysis 財務(wù)評級分析 Financial ratios 財務(wù)比率 Financial risk 財務(wù)風(fēng)險Financial risk ratios 財務(wù)風(fēng)險比率 Fitch IBCA 惠譽評級Fitch IBCA ratings 惠譽評級 Fixed assets 固定資產(chǎn) Fixed charge 固定費用Fixed charge cover 固定費用保障倍數(shù) Fixed costs 固定成本 Floating assets 浮動資產(chǎn) Floating charge 浮動抵押 Floor planning 底價協(xié)議 Focus 聚焦Forced sale risk 強制出售風(fēng)險Foreign exchange markets 外匯市場 Forfaiting 福費廷Formal credit rating 正式信用評級 Forward rate agreements 遠期利率協(xié)議 FRAs 遠期利率協(xié)議 Fund managers 基金經(jīng)理FX transaction 外匯交易GAAP 公認會計準則 Gearing 財務(wù)杠桿率Geographical spread of markets 市場的地理擴展Global target 全球目標Going concern concept 持續(xù)經(jīng)營原則Good lending 優(yōu)質(zhì)貸款Good times 良好時期Government agencies 政府機構(gòu) Government interference 政府干預(yù) Gross ine 總收入Guarantee of payment 支付擔保Guaranteed loans 擔保貸款Guarantees 擔保High credit quality 高信貸質(zhì)量 High credit risks 高信貸風(fēng)險High default risk 高違約風(fēng)險 High interest rates 高利率High risk regions 高風(fēng)險區(qū)域 Highly speculative 高度投機 Highrisk loan 高風(fēng)險貸款Highvalue loan 高價值貸款Historical accounting 歷史會計處理Historical cost 歷史成本 IAS 國際會計準則IASC 國際會計準則委員會IBTT 息稅前利潤ICE 優(yōu)質(zhì)貸款原則Idealliquidity ratios 理想的流動性比率Implied debt rating 隱含債務(wù)評級 Importance of credit control 信貸控制的重要性 Improved products 改進的產(chǎn)品 I Improving reported asset values 改善資產(chǎn)賬面價值In house assessment 內(nèi)部評估In house credit analysis 內(nèi)部信用分析 In house credit assessments 內(nèi)部信用評估 In house credit ratings 內(nèi)部信用評級 Ine bonds 收入債券 Ine statement 損益表Increasing profits 提高利潤Increasing reported profits 提高賬面利潤Indemnity clause 賠償條款I(lǐng)ndicators of credit deterioration 信用惡化征兆 Indirect loss 間接損失Individual credit transactions 個人信用交易 Individual rating 個體評級 Industrial reports 行業(yè)報告 Industrial unrest 行業(yè)動蕩 Industry limit 行業(yè)限額 Industry risk 行業(yè)風(fēng)險Industry risk analysis 行業(yè)風(fēng)險分析 Inflow 現(xiàn)金流入Information in financial statements 財務(wù)報表中的信息Inhouse credit ratings 內(nèi)部信用評級 Initial payment 初始支付 Insolvencies 破產(chǎn)Institutional investors 機構(gòu)投資者Insured debt 投保債務(wù)Intangible fixed asset 無形固定資產(chǎn)Interpany parisons 企業(yè)間比較 Interpany loans 企業(yè)間借款 Interest 利息Interest cost 利息成本Interest cover ratio 利息保障倍數(shù)Interest cover test 利息保障倍數(shù)測試 Interest holiday 免息期Interest payments 利息支付 Interest rates 利率Interim sta