【正文】 o the earth. But to get there, those astronauts had to break out of the tremendous pull of gravity of the earth. More energy was spent in the first few minutes of liftoff in the first few miles of travel than was used over the next several days to travel half a million miles. Habits, too, have tremendous pull. However, most people don’t realize or admit it. Getting rid of bad habits really requires great willpower and some changes in our lives. Liftoff takes tremendous effort, but once we break out of the pull of gravity, we can enjoy unprecedented(空前的 )freedom. Like any natural force, the pull of gravity can work with us or against us. The pull of some of our habits may currently be keeping us from going wherever we want to go. But it is also the pull of gravity that keeps our world together and keeps the plas in their orbits and our universe in order. It is powerful force, and if we use it effectively, we can create cohesiveness(凝聚力 )to establish effectiveness in our lives. 29. Why did the author quote the saying in the first paragraph? A. To show the author was a wise man. B. To support the author’s opinion about the habit. C. Because a great educator asked the author to do it. D. Because the author liked the old saying very much. 30. Why does the author say habits have powerful effects on our lives? A. Because habits can constantly affect our character. B. Because habits can be learned and unlearned. C. Because you can reap a character by sowing a habit. D. Because a habit is like a cable and useful to our life. 31. What does the writer mean by referring to gravity pull? A. Ridding bad habits needs great willpower. B. Breaking the gravity pull means enjoying freedom. C. To prove that the habits can work with us or against us. D. The gravity pull is very important in our lives. 32. Which can be the best title for this passage? A. Forming a good character is important B. The importance of the pull of gravity C. Excellence is not an act but a habit D. The powerful factors of habits D Chimps(黑猩猩 ) will cooperate in certain ways, like gathering in war parties to protect their territory. But beyond the minimum requirements as social beings, they have little instinct (本能 ) to help one another. Chimps in the wild seek food for themselves. Even chimp mothers regularly decline to share food with their children. who are able from a young age to gather their own food. In the laboratory, chimps don’t naturally share food either. If a chimp is put in a cage where he can pull in one plate of food for himself or, with no great effort, a plate that also provides food for a neighbor to the next cage, he will pull at random he just doesn’t care whether his neighbor gets fed or not. Chimps are truly selfish. Human children, on the other hand are extremely cooperative. From the earliest ages, they decide to help others, to share information and to participate in achieving mon goals. The psychologist Michael Tomasello has studied this cooperativeness in a series of experiments with very young children. He finds that if babies aged 18 months see an unrelated adult with hands full trying to open a door, almost all will immediately try to help. There are several reasons to believe that the urges to help, inform and share are not taught .but naturally possessed in young children. One is that these instincts appear at a very young age before most parents have started to train children to behave socially. Another is that the helping behaviors are not improved if the children are rewarded. A third reason is that social intelligence develops in children before their general cognitive （認知的） skills, at least when pared with tests conducted by Tomtasell, the children did no better than the chimps on the physical world tests, but were considerably better at understanding the social world The core of what children’s minds have and chimps’ don’t is what Tomasello calls shared intentionality. Part of this ability is that they can infer what others know or are thinking. But beyond that, even very young children want to be part of a shared purpose. They actively seek to be part of a “we”, a group that intends to work toward a shared goal. 33. What can we learn from the experiment with chimps? A. Chimps seldom care about others’ interests. B. Chimps tend to provide food for their children. C. Chimps like to take in their neighbors’ food. D. Chimps naturally share food with each other. 34. Michael Tomasello’s tests on young children indicate that they____. A. have the instinct to help others B. know how to offer help to adults C. know the world better than chimps D. trust adults with their hands full 35. The passage is mainly about ____. A. the hel