【正文】 arvest festivals and spring festivals, have been held ever since the ancient times. Topic sentence of 1st paragraph Ancient festivals celebrate the end of the cold weather and the hunting of animals. Topic sentence of 2nd paragraph Festivals are held to honour the dead, or satisfy and please the ancestors. Topic sentence of 3rd paragraph Festivals can be held as an honour to famous people or to the gods. Topic sentence of 4th paragraph Harvest and Thanksgiving festivals can be very happy events. Topic sentence of 5th paragraph The most energetic and important festivals are the ones at the end of the winter and the ing of spring. 2. A box graph of the text → Ancient festivals Festivals of the Dead Festivals to honour people Harvest festivals Spring festivals Section 2: Background information for Unit1 Festivals around the world 1. What is a festival? a day or period of time set aside for feasting and celebration an anized series of acts and performances (usually in one place)。 9. A should在本題中表示應該。 7. B 問句表示征求對方的意見。 6. B must have been doing表示猜測、推測，有 “應當一直在，想必一直在 ”的意思。 4. B should在本題中表示應該。 2. B由題意可知被猜測的時間是（過去）將來，沒有客觀事實根據(jù)，猜測語氣要求最弱。 鞏固練習 1. D must have got caught中的 got與 been同義。 14. C can’t have done用于否定推測。句意為：你簡直不能想象一個行為體面 的紳士居然對一位女士那么粗魯。 11. B must表示一定要，主觀愿意。 9. C need have done用于否定句 ,表示 “本不必要 …… 的 ”。 8． D must在這里表示主觀原因。 7. A 句意為 “在那個國家， 12 歲以下的兒童在公共圖書館一定要有成人監(jiān)督 ”。 6. A can表示許可，用于口語時與 may相近。t表示 “不應該 ”。t表示 “禁止，一定不能 ”； needn39。s no light on可判斷他們不可能在家。t+ 動詞原形 ”表示對現(xiàn)在情況的猜測和判斷（常用于否定），意思是 “不可能 ”。 need表 必要 用于疑問句 ,其肯定回答用 Yes, … must, 否定回答用 No, … needn’t 。 2. A shall在此表 示征求對方的意見，用于第一、三人稱。 5. 我盼望再見到你。 2. 你豐衣足食，還有什么擔憂的？ 3. 如果我們以這種方式處理問題，那可能弊大于利。t D. shouldn39。t take care of it. A. shan39。t have taken 39。 may D. ought to。 have to B. may。t D. shouldn39。t B. mustn39。 【強化訓練】 1. Black holes ______ not be seen directly, so determining the number of them is a tough task. A. can B. should C. must D. need 2． — What’s the name? — Khulaifi. _______ I spell that for you? A. Shall B. Would C. Can D. Might 3. — Must he e to sign this paper himself? —Yes, he A. need B. must C. may D. will 4. There39。 He should／ ought to ring up this afternoon．想必他今天下午會打電話的。（他今天／昨天可能回來了。t。t，不是 needn39。如： （正） Can／ Could it be cloudy tomorrow？ （誤） May／ Might it be cloudy tomorrow？ 3． must的否定式是 can39。）上面兩句可以看作醫(yī)務工作者或撫養(yǎng)過孩子的人說的話，屬 “經(jīng)驗之談 ”。要表示某事發(fā)生的可能性別時需要用 could， may， might。 a. I dare to swim across the river b. He doesn’t dare (to) answer. c. We need time and money. d. The dining room needs/ wants/ requires cleaning every day. = The dining room needs/ wants/ requires to be cleaned every day. e. Does he need to take the medicine four times a day? 需要注意的幾點 : 1. 表示猜測， can 一般不用于肯定句中，除非是 “經(jīng)驗之談 ” 。所不同的是 ,在肯定句中 , dare 后面通常接帶 to的不定式 。在肯定句中一般用 must, have to, ought to或 should代替。 a. How dare you say I’m unfair? b. He daren’t speak English before such a crowd, dare she? c. If he dare break the rule, he will be punished. 2) need表示 ”需要 ”或 ”必須 ”,作情態(tài)動詞用時 ,僅用于否定句或疑問句、條件從句中。如： We need report the matter to the boss immediately． (誤 ) We must report the matter to the boss immediately．（正） We need to report the matter to the boss immediately．（正） dare的用法也一樣。如： We should／ ought to help each other and learn from each other in our work． She is your mother, so you ought to support her． We ought to go and see Mary tomorrow, but I don’t think we will． 10． need用作情態(tài)動詞，僅用于否定句和疑問句，而不用于肯定句。如： You should have told her about it the day before yesterday． It’s wonderful that you should have achieved so much in these years． “情態(tài)動詞＋ have＋過去分詞 ”是很重要的一種句型，除 should外， may, might, must, couldn’t, needn’t, ought to等都可以用于這一句型，但要注意使用不同的情態(tài)動詞句子的意思就有所不同。 8． should除表示必要或義務外，還可表示推測或可能。如： If you will listen to me, I’ll give you some advice on how to learn English． 如果你愿意聽我的話，我將給你提點學習英語的建議。如： Shall she go to the concert with us this evening﹖ (征求意見 ) You shall go to the front at once． (命令 ) Don’t worry． You shall get the answer this very afternoon．（允諾） He shall be sorry one day． I tell you． (警告 ) Nothing shall stop us from fighting against pollution． (決心 ) 7．在表示將來的時間、條件狀語從句中，不能用 will（這時的 will不是情態(tài)動詞，而是助動詞，幫助構(gòu)成將來時）。如： The children must have watered the tomatoes yesterday, didn’t they﹖ The minister must have arrived in Shanghai, hasn’t he﹖ 6． shall可以用來征求對方意見，用于第一、三人稱。如： The mathematics teacher must be in the office now, isn’t he﹖ 2) “must＋ have＋過去分詞 ”用來表示對已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事情進行推論。如： We must be strict with ourselves in everything． In cities with many cars, some people have to wear masks． 5． must表示推測時，其反意問句有好幾種形式。 1) must只有現(xiàn)在時，而 have to有現(xiàn)在時、過去時和將來時。如： —Could I use your telephone？ —Yes, please go ahead． ，我們要用 was／ were able to而不能用 could。如： Accidents can happen． Anybody can make mistakes． 如果我們要表達某事發(fā)生的實際可能性，要用 may, could或 might等。本文結(jié)合同學們在使用情態(tài)動詞時不易掌握的難點談幾點看法。 The naughty children like playing tricks on their maths teacher. Don’t laugh at the people in trouble. How dare you make jokes about your boss? 7. Because they thought these festivals would bring a year of plenty. (Reading) year/ day/ life of plenty表示 “富足的年景 /日子 /生活 ”。 6. If they are not given anything, the children might play a trick. (Reading) play a trick (on sb) 在這里是 “捉弄某人 ”的意思。仿佛 。 similar to與 …… 相似 （與某人）訂婚 3. relate…to/with 把 …… 與 …… 聯(lián)系起來， be related to 與 …… 有關(guān)系 4. be/bee/get addicted to“對 …… 上癮；沉溺于 ” 5. look up to尊敬；欽佩 6． A is to B what C is to D. “A對 B而言正如 C對 D一樣。 —I never said anything of the kind.（ =I said nothing at all like that.）我從來沒有說過那種話！ 注意 of a kind的含義： 1) of the same kind： Father and son are two of a kind. They’re both generous. 2) of a not very good kind： It’s advice of a kind， but it wasn’t very helpful. 3. The most energetic and important festivals are the ones tha