【正文】 ? Trunked Radio – “Trunking efficiency” by sharing channels – More spectrum efficient ? Cellular – like Trunked radio, share the channels – Low power= small coverage area – Low power = frequency reuse – More expensive infrastructure Wireless Technology Innovation Labs WTI 35 Data What Are Consumer Needs? ? Affordable – Terminal – Service ? “Attractive” terminal – Human factors input / output – Battery life – Form factor ? Responsiveness – Useful data (“walled garden”) – Quick response – Sorted response (time critical / location critical) Wireless Technology Innovation Labs WTI 36 Applications Video Conferencing Email with attachments File Transfer Mobile Intra Access Games with limited graphics Audio/Video Clip Download Still Picture Web Surfing Banking Information Services VideoGames Streaming Audio/Video 2G Wireless Networks Wireless Networks 3G Wireless Networks GSM GPRS UMTS Courtesy Don Gibson, Philips, Santa Clara, CA SMS/ Wireless Technology Innovation Labs WTI 37 Data Services Middleware W A P I M o d eG e n A p r o t o col A sy st e mS t a n d a r d O p e n st a n d a r d f r o m W A P F o r u mP r o p r i e t y t o D o C o M oL a n g u a g e W M L h a r d t o l e a r n cH T M L a v a r i a n t o n H T M L , so m a n y p r o g r a m m e r sT r a n s p o r t T y p i cal l y C i r cu i t S w i t ch e d ( t o d a y )P a ck e t , a l w a y s o nS e c u r i t y C o n cer n s e x p r e ss e d ( W A P G A P )N o p r o b l e m s i d e n t i f i e dS p e e d sl o w f a stA c c e s s w a l l e d g a r d e n a p p r o v e d a n d n o n a p p r o v e d si t e sD i s p l a y s ( p h o n e i s s u e )N o C o l o r o r g r a p h i cs C o l o r w i t h g r a p h i cs Preferred language should be XML pliant Wireless Technology Innovation Labs WTI 38 Data Services Business issues ? Usefulness of information – Metcalfe’s law: value of work increase as the exponent of connected nodes: V~ KN – Corollary: value of a wireless work is inversely proportional to the number of inpatible standards: V ~ 1/S ? High speed data – Few will pay for high speed video (5 to 10 x voice call) – Many will pay for useful, responsive service high speed allows for responsiveness Wireless Technology Innovation Labs WTI 39 SMS Very Popular, Except in US ? “Rule of thumb” at 30% pen usage explodes – US peration is about 35% – But we have 5 standard 10% max on any one – Metcalfe’s law in reverse ? European environment – calling party pays no cost for ining – Inter cost per minute – SMS is a way of making money go father ? Postulation SMS would be explosive in North America if the inter was established as the mon interface Wireless Technology Innovation Labs WTI 40 2G offered customer’s clear value ? Smaller phone in your pocket / purse ? Longer battery life stop worrying about it ? Better MMI on the phone ? More affordable service $30 bucks per month ? Maybe poor voice, but better coverage ? Less dropped calls worked better Wireless Technology Innovation Labs WTI 41 What is 3 G supposed to offer? ? Original Definition – Common World Standard – Higher Speed Data ? 384 kp/s for full area coverage ? 2 Mb/s for local area coverage – Isochronous Services (voice / video) supported – Data Packet, “always on” Service supported ? Reality – Family of standards – at least two bands, thanks to North America Wireless Technology Innovation Labs WTI 42 Reasons for 3G ? Business drivers to move forward – Need for more voice spectrum in some regions of the world – Hope that data will bee a major new source of revenue – Technology push ? 3 G data business case is unclear – In some markets, might be petitively priced to wireline, but not in US ? 3 G needs a data killer application, as voice revenue will drop – Market must find “l(fā)ow payload” services with high utility – Tie in with location and voice technology – Carriers must aggressively price the service “l(fā)earning curve” ? Thus 3 G data business can be proven by G data business Wireless Technology Innovation Labs WTI 43 Operators’ / 3G works will not meet expectations 2G 3G ? Expected data rate [kbps] 914 100300 3842022 ? Actual data rate [kbps] 914 1030 30150 Wireless Technology Innovation Labs WTI 44 It’s all about Integration and Balance Nokia RIM Palm VII PIM Visor Web Access Messaging Voice ? Wireless Technology Innovation Labs WTI 45 V i d e oC onf e r e nc e( H i gh qua l i t y)V i d e oC onf e r e nc e( L o w qua l i t y)Telep honeCon ferenceTelep honeV o i c eM a i lE l e c t r oni cM a i lF A XE l e c t r oni cP ubl i s hi ngE l e c t r oni cN e w s pa p e rI S D NK a r a okeV i d e oC a t a l o gs hoppi ngD a t a ba s e A c c e s sRem ote m edicalservic e(Med ical im age) V i d e o onde m a nd S por t s N e w s M ovi e sM obi l e T VM obi l eR a di oI m a geD a t aV oi c eM u lti c a s tMu l t i Po i n tA s y m m e tr icSy m m e tr icPo i n t t o P o i n tB r oa dc a st　2 M384 K64 K32 K16 K9. 6 K2. 4 K1. 2 KN e w sW e a t h e rf or e c a s tT r a f f i c i nf o r m a t i onS por t s i nf o r m a t i onL e i s ur eI nf or m a t i onMo b i l e Mu l t i m ed i aWWWe ma i lf t pIPt e l e p h o n ye t cI nf or m a t i onD i s t r i but i onS e r vi c e sI n t e r n e tA c c e ssp a g e rMobile Multimedia Services W