【正文】
ysis for footings. 4) Retaining walls on pile foundations: The amount of settlement can be determined using the principles of settlement analysis for pile foundations. 10 Sunday, August 14, 2022 Retaining Walls 5) Nonuniformity of settlement (differential settlement) resulting in vertical cracks in walls (1) It occurs when the bearing capacity of the foundation soil along the wall is not uniform and the wall itself fails to bridge across poor material. (2) Possible remedies: a. improving the foundation soil (., by replacement, paction, or stabilization of the soil)。 ? medium of stiff clay that may be placed in such a way that a negligible amount of water will enter the spaces between the chunks during floods or heavy rains. 5 Sunday, August 14, 2022 Retaining Walls III. Stability Analysis 1. *Movement of retaining walls: horizontally (by sliding), vertically (by excessive settlement and /or bearing capacity failure of the foundation soil), and by rotation (by overturning). 2. The checks for sliding and for overturning hark back to the basic laws of statics. 3. The checks for settlement and bearing capacity of foundation soil are done by settlement analysis and bearing capacity analysis. 4. The factor of safety against overturning is determined by dividing the total righting moment by the total overturning moment. Since overturning tends to occur about the front base of the wall (at the toe), the righting moments and the overturning moments are puted about