外文翻譯---設(shè)計(jì)與文化-文庫吧資料
2024-11-14 02:17本頁面
【正文】 Basically, they can be divided into two groups —— the artisans and the architects. Artisan design evolved from direct work with tools and materials, and even , in the early stages of the Industrial Revolution, from direct work with machines and an intelligent exploration of their possibilities. Industry unconsciously evolved its own aesthetic, and this aesthetic was from the beginning one which intelligent designers, whatever their background, tried to obey. Philips Webb, the architect who built the seminal Red House for William Marries, and who later made designs for that fountainhead of the English Arts and Crafts Movement, the firm of Morris amp。s work at General Motors in the USA in the 1920s and by contemporary development in Japan and Italy puts the demands of the marketplace above those of the logic of mechanized mass production and tends, as a result, to value the diversification of products rather than, or as well as, standardization. These two models of industry coexist in this century and have different implications for the meaning of design. An important subtheme is the way in which the aesthetic of designed artefacts has swung repeatedly backwards and forwards from production to consumption as sources of metaphorical inspiration. While this book concentrates on design as it has e to be defined and understood since the advent of mechanization, and emphasizes those themes which have made it part of recent history, it is also important to remember that the concept has an earlier history which is largely responsible for the way we prehend it today. Design has always been one aspect of a larger process whether of manufacturing, in the craft or mechanized sense, or, from the consumer39。 but one must add that a universal language is being constructed daily. 6 The word culture is used throughout the text in its most democratic sense, that is, as a concept which embraces the ideas and values expressed by modem society as a whole, rather than one which only touches one level of human endeavor. In parallel, design is understood here as a phenomenon which affects everybody. This definition of culture has to be considered within a broad context which subsumes economies, polities and technology as these are the forces which have determined the dominant cultural patterns in modem society. Design is a
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