【正文】 ves. On the surface, Austen’s fiction would appear to perpetuate this. Marriage is deemed the most a woman can hope to achieve, and her novels end happily with this confirmation. Yet Austen heavily criticizes the ignorance endorsed by popular expectation. Mrs Bennet’s ic fickleness and absurd hypochondria result from her narrow mind and mean understanding. Lydia may be spirited but she is also ignorant and idle. Caroline Bingley and Lady Catherine may have status and rank, but they reveal their deficiency in failing to appreciate reading and music.However, it is through Elizabeth and her relationship with Darcy that Austen betrays most her resentment at the restraint upon women. Elizabeth is contemptuous of idle small chat, preferring to converse with the gentlemen. She possesses wit and intelligence far removed from the conventional representations of women at the time, and especially those in the romantic novels Austen’s fiction is said to resemble. Critics have drawn out parallels between the portrait of Elizabeth and the views of early feminists such as Mary Wollstonecraft. She argued that in order for women to achieve equality they must think independently with reason. Yet for all her spirit and quick wit, Elizabeth still conforms to expectation. She may have been prepared to reject one of the richest men in England, but at the end of the novel she is keen to assume her role as mistress of Pemberley. Indeed, it could be argued that her visit to the great estate marks the change in her feelings for Darcy.The overview of women’s life in 18th century revealed that in malecentered world, women’s rights and interests were always neglected by the society. Austen realized the unfairness between men and women, and then she used realistic writing style to represent it. She thought that women were nothing less than any men in intellect or mentality. She paid much attention to women’s awareness of selfimprovement and selfdevelopment. Only when she was intelligent, witty and selfrespectful enough, could a woman municate with a man equally and only when they can share their opinions, could real love and happiness be possible.5. ConclusionAusten shows us her view of love and marriage: a happy marriage should be around wi。 his society was irksome, and his attachment to her must be imaginary. But still he would be her husband. Without thinking highly either of men or of matrimony, marriage had always been her object。畢業(yè)論文（設計）Elements Necessary for A Happy Marriage in Jane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice1. Introduction 12. The five marriages in Pride and Prejudice 33. Reasons why these elements are necessary for a happy marriage 94. The research of Jane Austen and the social background 12 Austen’s love experience 12 Women’s position in society 165. Conclusion 19References 201. Introduction Jane Austin (1775 – 1817) was one of the famous nineteenth century British women writers. She was born in the village of Steventon in Hampshire. As a daughter of the local rector, although she never entered a formal school, she was well educated by her family. She did a fair amount of reading. She began to write at the age of 19 or 20. Jane’s brother Henry helped her negotiate with a publisher and her first novel, Sense and Sensibility, appeared in 1811. Her next novel Pride and Prejudice, which she described as her “own darling child” received highly favorable reviews. Mansfield Park was published in 1814, then Emma in 1816. Jane Austen was an English novelist whose books, set among the English middle and upper classes, are notable for their wit, social observation and insights into the lives of early 19th century women.Pride and Prejudice is the most enduringly popular novel written by Jane Austen. It talks about trivial matters of love, marriage and family life between country squires and fair ladies in Britain in the 18th century. The plot is how the young ladies choose their husbands. The main characters are the ladies from the genteel society which we would now call the uppermiddle class. Pride and Prejudice is a story about Mrs. Bennet’s daughters who are at marriageable age. The whole story is about marriage. Through five couple’s attitude to love and marriage and the reaction of the other people, we can get a clear picture of the customs of the uppermiddle class then, such as the relation between marriage and fortune, the awakening of the women at that time, etc. In this novel, from the heroine, Miss Elizabeth Bennet to the foil, Miss De Bourgh, all the female characters have their own vivid personalities. Elizabeth’s rational view of love and marriage, her actual choice and her satisfactory ending show us Austen’s attitude to love and marriage and her ideal of life. Elizabeth Bennet, the protagonist of the novel, flatly rejected William Collins’ proposal, who is the heir of her father’s property and manor, and refused the first proposal from the extremely wealthy nobleman Fitzwilliam Darcy later. All this makes it clear that Elizabeth seeks neither fame nor fortune, but an ideal marriage. From the view point of Austen, Elizabeth’s marriage, as well as JaneBingley’s, posing money and love, is the ideal marriage people should seek. But in the other cases in this novel, we can see that if money and love can’t be held together in one marriage, love would always make a concession to money because of the special social background. 2. The five marriages in Pride and PrejudiceThe authoress Jane Austen describes five couples’ different marriages mainly in Pride and Prejudice. These people’s attitudes towards marriage are pletely different. Some of them marry for security, some for wealth, and some for love. Marriage is more important for a woman at that time than for a man because it may secure her freedom, social status, and living standard. And Austen manages to reveal the elements essential for a happy marriage in this novel.The marriage b