【正文】 sleep every so often, right? Well, the humming bird beats its wings – get this – about 3 thousand times per minute. So you think, wow, it must need a lot of energy, a lot of food, right? Well, it does. It drinks a lot of nectar from flowers and feeds on some insects, but it‘s energy efficient too. You can‘t say it isn‘t. I mean, as it flies all the way across the Mexico Gulf, it uses up none of its body fat. But that doesn‘t mean it doesn‘t need to eat. So humming birds have to rely on plants in their natural habitat. And it goes without saying, but the opposite is true as well, plants depend on humming birds too. There are some flowers that can only be pollinated by the humming birds. Without its stopping to feed and spread pollen from flower to flower, these plants would cease to exist. But the problem, well, as natural habitat along these migration routes is developed by humans for housing or agriculture or cleared for raising cattle, for instance, there is less food available for migrating humming birds. Their nesting sites are affected too, the same by the same sorts of human activities. And all of these activities pose a real threat to the humming bird population. So help them survive, we need to preserve their habitats. And one of the concrete ways people have been doing this is by cleaning up polluted habitat areas and then replanting flowers, um, replanting native flowers that humming birds feed on. Promoting ecological tourism is another way to help save their habitat. As the number of visitors, ecotourists who e to humming bird habitats to watch the birds, the more the number of visitors grows, the more local businesses‘ profit, so ecological tourism can bring financial rewards, all the more reason to value these beautiful little creatures in their habitat, right? But to understand more about how to protect them to support the humming birds the best we can, we‘ve got to learn more about their breeding, nesting sites and migration routes, and also about the natural habitats we find there. That just helps us determine how to prevent further decline in the population. A good research method, a good way to learn more, is by running a banding study. Banding the birds allows us to track them over their lifetime. It‘s been a practice that‘s been used by researchers for years. In fact, most of what we‘ve known about humming birds es from banding studies, where we capture a humming bird and make sure all the information about it, like its weight and age and length, are all recorded and put into an international information database. And then we place an extremely lightweight band on one of its legs, well, what looks like a leg, although technically it‘s considered part of the bird‘s foot. Anyway, these bands are perfectly safe, and some humming birds have worn them for years with no evidence of any problems. The band is labeled with tracking number, oh, and there is a phone number on the band for people to call for free, to report a banded bird to be found or recaptured. So when a banded bird is recaptured and reported, we learn about its migration route, its growth, and how long it has been alive, its lifespan. One recaptured bird was banded almost 12 years earlier – she was one of the oldest humming birds on record. Another interesting thing we learned is that some humming birds no longer use a certain route. They travel by a different route to reach their destination. And findings like these have been of interest to biologists and environmental scientists in a number of countries who are trying to understand the plexities of how changes in a habitat affect the species in it. Lecture Narrator Listen to part of a lecture in a film history class. Professor Okay, we‘ve been discussing films in the 1920s and 30s, and how back then film categories, as we know them today, had not yet been established. We said that by today‘s standards, many of the films of the 20s and 30s would be considered hybrids, that is, a mixture of styles that wouldn‘t exactly fit into any of today‘s categories, and in that context. Today we are going to talk about a filmmaker who began making very unique films in the late 1920s. He was French, and his name was Jean Painlev233。TPO 03 – Listening Part Section 1 Conversation Narrator Listen to a conversation between a student and a receptionist at the Registrar‘s Office on the first day of the semester. Student Excuse me, I‘m supposed to be having my physics class in the science building, but no one‘s in the classroom. Could you tell me where the class is? Physics 403 — has it been moved? Receptionist Well, there‘s a room assignment sheet on the bulletin board outside this office. Student Yeah, I know, but my class isn‘t listed there. There must be some kind