托福聽力速記符號ppt課件-文庫吧資料
2025-05-05 02:28本頁面
【正文】 erm, phrase, or name is written out in full during the lecture, substitute initials whenever the term, phrase, or name is used again. For example, Center for Aerospace Sciences bees CAS thereafter. K: Use symbols for monly recurring connective or transitional words. amp。d = continued gov39。1. Abbreviations A: Symbols helpful in math these are monly used in texts and references. S = sum f = frequency B: Leave out periods in standard abbreviations. cf = pare . = example C: Use only the first syllable of a word. pol = politics dem = democracy lib = liberal cap = capitalism D: Use entire first syllable and only 1st letter of 2nd syllable. pres = presentation subj = subject ind = individual cons = conservative E: Eliminate final letters. Use just enough of the word to form a recognizable abbreviation. assoc = associate biol = biology info = information ach = achievement chem = chemistry max = maximum intro = introduction conc = conce
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