【正文】
w, e, fall, prove等,后面接形容詞、名詞或 to be+形容詞, bee后面接單數(shù)名詞時(shí),名詞前要用不定冠詞, turn后面接單數(shù)名詞時(shí),名詞前不用不定冠詞; 表示主語繼續(xù)或保持某種身份、特征或狀態(tài)的系動詞有continue, keep, remain, stay, stand lie, rest, stay等,后面接表示狀態(tài)的形容詞; 表示判斷的系動詞有 seem和 appear,后面接形容詞、 to be+名詞或形容詞、 thatclause、不定式等。如: My job is teaching English. 后者側(cè)重于強(qiáng)調(diào)主語正在做某事。如: The door was closed by me. 還要注意 “由 be+ Ving所構(gòu)成的系表結(jié)構(gòu)與 “由 be+ Ving”所構(gòu)成的進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)的區(qū)別。 前者側(cè)重于表示主語的特征或所處的狀態(tài),通常沒有由 by引導(dǎo)的介詞短語。 通常表示主語的特征、狀態(tài)和身份等,后面接形容詞、副詞、名詞、 介詞 短語、 不定式 、 ving、過去分詞及表語從句作表語。( turn out表終止性結(jié)果) 系動詞本身有一定的詞義,不能單獨(dú)作謂語,后面必須與表語連用。 The search proved difficult. 搜查證實(shí)很難。 She grew rich within a short time. 她沒多長時(shí)間就富了。 This flower smells very sweet. 這朵花聞起來很香。 He seems (to be) very sad. 他看起來很傷心。 This matter rests a mystery. 此事仍是一個(gè)謎。(表示主語的身份--性質(zhì)) He is ill. 他病了。 ■ sound, smell, feel, taste, bee 等連系動詞后通常不能接不定式: 誤: These oranges taste to be good. (應(yīng)去掉 to be) 誤: The roses smell to be nice. (應(yīng)去掉 to be) 連系動詞 look后有時(shí)也可接 to be,但以省略 to be為多。 5).He has grown to like studying English. 他漸漸喜歡學(xué)英語了。 3).He appears to know this. 他好像知道這一點(diǎn)。 ■ seem, appear, prove, turn out, grow 等連系動詞后也可接不定式 (尤其是 to be)短語作表語: 1).The man seemed to be ill. 這個(gè)人好像病了。) 有些系動詞又是實(shí)義動詞,該動詞表達(dá)實(shí)義時(shí),有詞義,可單獨(dú)作謂語, 關(guān)于連系動詞后接不定式 ■ 連系動詞 be 后根據(jù)情況可自由地接不定式作表語: 1).My dream is to be a scientist. 我的夢想是當(dāng)一名科學(xué)家。 例如: He feel ill yesterday. 他昨天病了。 ① I have a blue book.(變?yōu)橐话阋蓡柧?)→Do you have a blue book? ② He has a brother. (變?yōu)橐话阋蓡柧?)→Does he have a brother? ③ My brother does his homework before supper. (變?yōu)橐话阋蓡柧?)→Does your brother do his homework before supper? ④ She wants to be a teacher. (變?yōu)橐话阋蓡柧?)→Does she want to be a teacher? ⑤ They like to play basketball. (變?yōu)橐话阋蓡柧?)→Do they like to play basketball? (4)特殊疑問句:特殊疑問詞 +一般疑問句? ① Your sister likes English best because it’s interesting. (對劃線部分提問 ) → Why does your sister like English best? ② He does his homework before supper. (對劃線部分提問)→When does he do his homework? 注意:當(dāng)含有 and引導(dǎo)的短語在句中做謂語或賓語,我們把這類句子變否定句時(shí),必須把 and變?yōu)?: (1)He can swim and dance. (變?yōu)榉穸ň洌?→ He can’t swim or dance. (2)My father likes English and math. (變?yōu)榉穸ň洌?→ My father doesn’t like English or math 系動詞,亦稱連系動詞(Link Verb)。其中 do/does為助動詞,是來幫助實(shí)義動詞構(gòu)成否定或疑問句的,但加了 do/does后,其后面的動詞必須用動詞原形。而在變否定句和疑問句時(shí),不能直接在動詞上變,而是要借助另一類動詞: 助動詞 do、 does。那么,實(shí)義動詞究竟怎樣用呢?正如 be動詞隨著主語的變化可變?yōu)?