【正文】 ogenous diseases, is usually caused by interior transmission of the unrelieved exogenous pathogenic factors into the viscera, or by direct invasion of exogenous pathogenic factors into the viscera, or by impairment of the viscera by emotional factors, improper diet and overstrain. 里證多見于外感病的中后期或內(nèi)傷病，一般由外邪不解內(nèi)傳入里，侵犯臟腑所致，或外邪直接侵犯臟腑而成，或情志內(nèi)傷，飲食勞倦等因素直接損傷臟腑。4． lying with the knees drawn up蜷臥5．The differentiation of syndromes according to the exterior and interior syndromes is applicable to exogenous diseases for the purpose of detecting the depth of transmission and the development of pathological changes. 表里辨證適用于外感病，可察知病情的輕重深淺及病理變化的趨勢?！?．Generally speaking, any syndromes that correspond to “yin” in nature are termed yin syndromes, such as interior syndrome, cold syndrome and asthenia syndrome。(六)八綱相關(guān)翻譯1．The manifestations of diseases, though plicated, can be generalized into certain patterns in the light of the eight principles. 疾病的表現(xiàn)盡管極其復(fù)雜，但基本上都可以用八綱加以歸納。8. In traditional Chinese medicine, this condition is regarded as arising from emotional distress or frustration, which may cause stagnation of the liver qi and spleen qi and the accumulation of phlegm. 在中醫(yī)里，這中病理狀態(tài)被看作是情志不遂所致, 可引起肝脾之氣郁結(jié)及痰液聚積。6. Deficiency of kidney yang may lead to a dysfunction in the transformation of water, causing water to flood upward, and resulting in the formation of phlegm. 腎陽虛可導(dǎo)致水濕運(yùn)化失常,從而引起水液上泛, 形成痰液。肺失宣降可以引起痰，痰也可以導(dǎo)致肺失宣降。痰既是失調(diào)的結(jié)果, 有時(shí)失調(diào)的原因。3. The production of phlegm is mainly associated with a dysfunction in the transformation, transportation and elimination of fluid resulting from disorders of the lungs, spleen and kidneys. Phlegm is a progression of dampness, but is heavier and thicker than dampness, and even more likely to cause blockage and obstruction. Phlegm is both the result and cause of disharmony.痰的生成主要與肺脾和腎臟病變引起的運(yùn)化和排泄水液功能失調(diào)有關(guān)。狹義的痰指的是由喉嚨咯出的痰。23．“five endogenous pathogenic factors” 內(nèi)生五邪 （五）有關(guān)痰的翻譯1. The experience was unique, at times hard or trying—yet taken as a whole, invaluable and enriching. (在該院的)經(jīng)歷是不同尋常的,雖然有時(shí)艱難或者難堪,但總的來說是很有價(jià)值的和豐富的。22．Loss of yin or yang refers to a critical morbid state due to sudden and excessive loss of yinfluid or yangqi. 陰陽亡失指機(jī)體的陰液或陽氣的突然大量亡失，導(dǎo)致生命垂危的一種病理狀態(tài)。20．Superabundance of yin rejecting yang, also known as rejection of yang, means that interior exuberance of yin drives yang to float exteriorly, clinically leading to such falseheat symptoms as flushed cheeks, dysphoric fever, thirst and large pulse.陰盛格陽，又稱格陽，指陰寒之邪壅盛于內(nèi)，逼迫陽氣浮越于外的病理狀態(tài)，臨床表現(xiàn)為面紅、煩熱、口渴、脈大等假熱之象。18．The latter refers to a morbid state marked by asthenia of both yin and yang resulting from asthenia of yang that affects the production of yinfluid. 后者指陽氣虛累及陰液的化生，從而形成以陽虛為主的陰陽兩虛病理狀態(tài)。16．The asthenia of yin leading to asthenia of yang is known as yin consuming yang and the asthenia of yang resulting in asthenia of yin is called yang consuming yin. 陰虛而導(dǎo)致陽虛稱為陰損及陽，陽虛導(dǎo)致陰虛稱為陽損及陰。14．The usual symptoms caused by relative decline of yin are feverish sensation over the five centers (palms, soles and chest), bonesteaming, tidal fever, flushed cheeks, emaciation, night sweating, dry mouth and throat and reddish tongue with scanty coating as well as thin, rapid and weak pulse.陰偏衰的常見癥狀為五心煩熱、骨蒸、潮熱、面赤、消瘦、盜汗、口干咽燥、舌紅少苔、脈細(xì)數(shù)無力等。12．Relative decline of yang is mainly caused by congenital deficiency, or postnatal malnutrition and endogenous impairment due to overstrain, or prolonged illness consuming yangqi. 陽偏衰主要由先天稟賦不足，或后天飲食失養(yǎng)和勞倦內(nèi)傷，或久病損傷陽氣所致。9．“exuberance of pathogenic factors leads to sthenia”“邪氣盛則實(shí)”10．That is why it is said in Su Wen that “predominance of yang causes external heat”. 所以《素問》說：“陽盛則外熱”。6．Under such a condition, the conflict between healthy qi and pathogenic factors is intense and brings on a sthenia syndrome. 在這種情況下，邪正之爭激烈，導(dǎo)致實(shí)證。4．In this case the healthy qi is difficult to launch an intense struggle against pathogenic factors and eventually leads to an asthenia syndrome. 在這種情況下，正氣難以有力抗擊邪氣，引起虛證。2．Such a bat between healthy qi and pathogenic factors damages the relative equilibrium between yin and yang in the body, or leads to dysfunction of the viscera and meridians, or results in disturbance of qi and blood, which consequently bring on various local or general pathological changes. 正邪相爭破壞了人體陰陽的相對平衡，或使臟腑、經(jīng)絡(luò)功能失調(diào)，或使氣血功能紊亂，從而產(chǎn)生全身或局部的多種多樣的病理變化。21．Clinically invigorating therapy is divided into four types: invigorating qi, tonifying blood, invigorating yin, invigorating yang.臨床上補(bǔ)法分為五類：補(bǔ)氣、補(bǔ)血、補(bǔ)陰、補(bǔ)陽。19．Other resolving therapies include resolving phlegm to remove fluid retention, resolving water to subside swelling and softening hardness to resolve stagnation.消法還包括消痰化飲、消水散腫及軟堅(jiān)散結(jié)。17．Resolution is a therapeutic method used to remove the retention of food and eliminate stagnation with herbs effective for promoting digestion. 消法是運(yùn)用助消化、導(dǎo)食滯的方藥，以消積導(dǎo)滯的一種治療方法。15．Heatclearing therapy is a therapeutic method used to clear away heat by means of reducing fire, removing toxin and cooling blood with the prescriptions and herbs cold and cool in nature. 清法是運(yùn)用性質(zhì)寒涼的方藥，通過瀉火、解毒、涼血等作用，以清除熱邪的一種治療方法。13．Clinically warming therapy is divided into three types: warming the middle to eliminate cold, resolving phlegm and retention of fluid by warming and restoring yang to rescue collapse.臨床上溫法分為三類：溫中祛寒、溫化痰飲、回陽救逆。11．Clinically mediation is divided into four types: mediating shaoyang, relaxing the liver and harmonizing the stomach, regulating the liver and spleen, and regulating the intestines and stomach.臨床上和法分為四種：和解少陽，適用于邪在半表半里之間的少陽證；舒肝和胃，適用于肝氣犯胃，胃失和降；調(diào)和肝脾，適用于肝脾失調(diào)；調(diào)和腸胃，適用于邪在腸胃，寒熱互見。 irregular menstruation due to disharmony between the liver and stomach and stagnation of liver qi。9．Mediation is a therapeutic method used for eliminating pathogenic factors and supporting healthy qi. 和法是祛除病邪扶助正氣的一種治療方法。7．Emetic therapy is usually used to treat sthenia syndrome with urgency to vomit out things retained inside. 吐法常用以治療病情急迫而必須迅速吐出積滯的實(shí)證。3．Diaphoresis is either