【正文】 d procedure state register PSW, etc. Person who accumulate ACC count by 2 input ends entered of checking etc. temporarily as one operation often, e from person who store 1 operation is it is it make operation to go on to count temporarily , operation result and loopback ACC with another one. In addition, ACC is often regarded as the transfer station of data transmission on 8051 inside . The same as general microprocessor, it is the busiest register. Help remembering that agreeing with A expresses in the order. The controller includes the procedure counter , the order is depositted, the order decipher, the oscillator and timing circuit, etc. The procedure counter is made up of counter of 8 for two, amounts to 16. It is a byte address counter of the procedure in fact, the content is the next IA that will carried out in PC. The content which changes it can change the direction that the procedure carries out . Shake the circuit in 8051 onechip puters, only need outer quartz crystal and frequency to finely tune the electric capacity, its frequency range is its 12MHZ of . This pulse signal, as 8051 basic beats of working, namely the minimum unit of time. 8051 is the same as other puters, the work in harmony under the control of the basic beat, just like an orchestra according to the beat play that is manded. There are ROM (procedure memory , can only read ) and RAM in 8051 slices (data memory, can is it can write ) two to read, they have each independent memory address space, dispose way to be the same with general memory of puter. Procedure 8051 memory and 8751 slice procedure memory capacity 4KB, address begin from 0000H, used for preserving the procedure and form constant. Data 8051 8751 8031 of memory data memory 128B, address false 00FH, use for middle result to deposit operation, the data are stored temporarily and the data are buffered etc.. In RAM of this 128B, there is unit of 32 byteses that can be appointed as the job register, this and general microprocessor is different, 8051 slice RAM and job register rank one formation the same to arrange the location. It is not very the same that the memory of MCS51 series onechip puter and general puter disposes the way in addition. General puter for first address space, ROM and RAM can arrange in different space within the range of this address at will, namely the addresses of ROM and RAM, with distributing different address space in a formation. While visiting the memory, corresponding and only an address Memory unit, can ROM, it can be RAM too, and by visiting the order similarly. This kind of memory structure is called the structure of Princeton. 8051 memories are divided into procedure memory space and data memory space on the physics structure, there are four memory spaces in all: The procedure stores in one and data memory space outside data memory and one in procedure memory space and one outside one, the structure forms of this kind of procedure device and data memory separated form data memory, called Harvard structure. But use the angle from users, 8051 memory address space is divided into three kinds: (1) In the slice, arrange blocks of FFFFH , 0000H of location , in unison outside the slice (use 16 addresses). (2) The data memory address space outside one of 64KB, the address is arranged from 0000H 64KB FFFFH (with 16 addresses ) too to the location. (3) Data memory address space of 256B (use 8 addresses). Three abovementioned memory space addresses overlap, for distinguishing and designing the order symbol of different data transmission in the instruction system of 8051: CPU visit slice, ROM order spend MOVC , visit block RAM order uses MOVX outside the slice, RAM order uses MOV to visit in slice. 8051 onechip puter have four 8 walk abreast I/O port, call P0, P1, P2 and P3. Each port is 8 accurate twoway mouths, accounts for 32 pins altogether. Every one I/O line can be used as introduction and exported independently. Each port includes a latch (namely special function register ), one exports the driver and a introduction buffer . Make data can latch when outputting, data can buffer when making introduction , but four function of passway these selfsame. Expand among the system of memory outside having slice, four port these may serve as accurate twoway mouth of I/O in mon use. Expand among the system of memory outside having slice, P2 mouth see high 8 address off。在四年的大學(xué)生涯里，還得到眾多老師的關(guān)心支持和幫助。首先，感謝老師在論文的選題、設(shè)計(jì)方案的確定、設(shè)計(jì)的進(jìn)行以及最后的設(shè)計(jì)說明書的撰寫整個(gè)過程中給予我細(xì)心的指引和教導(dǎo)，使我能順利完成畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)。盡管我盡力的想把畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)做得更好一點(diǎn)，但是做出實(shí)物確實(shí)有點(diǎn)困難，對于我的這個(gè)設(shè)計(jì)而言，最大的困難是制造PCB板實(shí)物和燒寫程序到單片機(jī)中，沒能做出實(shí)物是畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)的一大遺憾，但是通過此次設(shè)計(jì)，我收獲真的很大。在整個(gè)仿真中，已經(jīng)實(shí)現(xiàn)了各個(gè)功能和達(dá)到了預(yù)期的效果。當(dāng)按下開關(guān)k5至k8的任意一個(gè)時(shí)LED燈就會點(diǎn)亮,，LED燈點(diǎn)亮就表示大門的開啟。當(dāng)按下開關(guān)k1時(shí)，LS1就會相應(yīng)的響起。準(zhǔn)備就緒可以直接仿真。 仿真說明與分析在proteus里仿真時(shí)，首先把畫好的電路原理圖。打開proteus軟件，在File的下拉菜單中找到New Design新建Proteus并選擇A4版面，然后保存，這樣就完成proteus的新建了。在Proteus的菜單欄中選擇file并Save Desig選項(xiàng)，保存設(shè)計(jì)。Proteus 軟件除了可以編輯設(shè)計(jì)電路原理圖，還可以進(jìn)行電路仿真。雖然目前國內(nèi)推廣剛起步，但已受到從事單片機(jī)教學(xué)的教師、致力于單片機(jī)開發(fā)應(yīng)用的科技工作者和單片機(jī)愛好者的青睞。它不僅具有其它仿真軟件的仿真功能，還能仿真單片機(jī)及外圍器件。(4)wzh 0 Error(s), 0 Warning(s) ：“wzh”文件有0個(gè)錯(cuò)誤，0個(gè)警告。(2)Program Size: data= xdata=0 code=552：程序大小：內(nèi)部數(shù)據(jù)=，外部數(shù)據(jù)=0字節(jié)，代碼=552字節(jié)。本次設(shè)計(jì)的門鈴程序通過編譯，沒有錯(cuò)誤和提醒。點(diǎn)擊Build target編譯C語言程序，檢查程序是否有錯(cuò)。 錄入門鈴程序 保存程序把文件添加到工程中，首先在Source Group1點(diǎn)擊右鍵找到Add Files to Group就把文件添加到工程中了。 在keil中新建工程工程新建完成之后，在新建一個(gè)文本文件，并把程序錄入到該文本文件當(dāng)中。Keil C51生成的目標(biāo)代碼效率非常之高，多數(shù)語句生成的匯編代碼很緊湊，容易理解[6]。用過匯編語言后再使用C來開發(fā)，體會更加深刻。本設(shè)計(jì)的基于單片機(jī)的多用戶門鈴程序如附錄C所示。 程序流程圖 門鈴程序的編寫程序主要完成的是在運(yùn)行的時(shí)候給端口P1和P3置高電平，并且判斷各個(gè)開關(guān)是否被按下，如若被按下就執(zhí)行相應(yīng)的程序，給相應(yīng)的管腳提供相應(yīng)的電平，并且調(diào)用延時(shí)程序并以達(dá)到門鈴響起或者LED燈點(diǎn)亮的效果。 Sounders5BUTTONSwitches amp。圖 室內(nèi)門鈴電路原理圖 元件分類和清單 基于單片機(jī)的多用戶門鈴的設(shè)計(jì)，所需要的元件的所屬分類和清單列表如表42所示。根據(jù)放大倍數(shù)基極電流 基極電阻 為了保證電路工作的可靠性，將電阻選大一些，且根據(jù)常用的電阻型號選擇220歐姆的電阻。S8550放大倍數(shù)40140,集電極基極電壓40V ,集電極發(fā)射極擊穿電壓25V,集電極發(fā)射極飽和電壓 。經(jīng)實(shí)測元件知其電阻為10歐姆。當(dāng)芯片有電平的變化就會使蜂鳴器導(dǎo)通，使其工作發(fā)出蜂鳴聲，從而實(shí)現(xiàn)門鈴的作用。 選擇+5V的電源和10uF的極性電容外加一個(gè)10K的電阻就組成了復(fù)位電路。由于微機(jī)電路是時(shí)序數(shù)字電路，它需要穩(wěn)定的時(shí)鐘信號，因此在電源上電時(shí)，復(fù)位信號才被撤除，微機(jī)電路開始正常工作。一般微機(jī)電路正常工作需要供電電源為5V177。 晶振電路原理圖 復(fù)位電路當(dāng)輸入的信號連續(xù)2個(gè)機(jī)器周期以上高