【正文】
六分頻電路如下圖所示電路,給CLK以點動單脈沖或頻率較低的連續(xù)脈沖,Q端接發(fā)光二極管,觀察發(fā)光二極管的狀態(tài)。 D3D2D1D0D3D2D1D01111集成芯片74LS160,其管腳排列如圖所示。要消除這種現(xiàn)象則可以在TC端與下一級的時鐘端之間接入一個非門,使得TC輸出反相,在本位輸出進位脈沖時,其高位時鐘接收到的為時鐘的無效邊沿(下降沿),而在本位自然清零時,高位才會接收到一有效時鐘邊沿(上升沿),從而達到正確進位的目的。74LS00的3號管腳輸出接至U1(最低位十進制計數(shù)器74LS160)的時鐘輸入端作為時鐘分頻計數(shù)的基本時鐘。在實踐中,如果用示波器觀察到頻率不正確,可調(diào)整R2來改變頻率,減小誤差。(2)用555定時器構(gòu)成方波發(fā)生器電路如下圖所示。7腳:放電端。5腳:VC為控制電壓端。3腳:輸出端Vo2腳:低觸發(fā)端6腳:TH高觸發(fā)端4腳:是直接清零端。8腳:外接電源VCC, ~ 16V,CMOS型時基電路VCC的范圍為3 ~ 18V。(5)控制電路: 用集成與非門構(gòu)成基本RS觸發(fā)器,屬低電平直接觸發(fā)的觸發(fā)器,有直接置位、復(fù)位、暫停的功能,并能防抖動。在選擇數(shù)碼顯示管時,可以利用六個數(shù)碼管;也可以借鑒簡易數(shù)字頻率計中的四位數(shù)碼管來顯示后四位,再用兩個數(shù)碼管顯示分鐘的兩位。(4)譯碼器:在選擇譯碼器的時候,有多種選擇,如74LS47,74LS48等47線譯碼器。計數(shù)脈沖是由555定時器構(gòu)成的多諧振蕩器,產(chǎn)生100赫茲脈沖。它具有同步置數(shù)和異步清零功能。 1秒,那么我們需要相應(yīng)頻率的信號發(fā)生器。(2)顯示電路:電子秒表,需要顯示數(shù)字,根據(jù)設(shè)計要求,要用數(shù)碼管來做顯示器。石英晶振蕩器精度很高,一般都需要多級分頻。數(shù)字電子鐘的總體圖如下圖1所示。由于秒表計數(shù)的需要,故要在電路上加一個控制電路,該控制電路清零、啟動計時、暫停及繼續(xù)計數(shù)等控制功能,同時需要一個分頻電路把100kHZ分成100HZ的時間信號達到準(zhǔn)確穩(wěn)定。3. 該秒表具有清零、開始計時、停止計時功能,并能防抖動。關(guān)鍵詞:計時 精度 計數(shù)器 顯示器 Abstract Electronic stopwatch is the realization of a digital circuit technology,.It can realize the hour, minute, second does not have mechanical means and has a longer life, so it has been widely used. The principle is a typical digital circuit, which includes a bination logic circuit and a timing circuit. The experiments can be done by electronic stopwatch constituted by the signal system and timing system, and has cleared pause function. Due to the need of a more stable signal, the signal generating system is constituted by the 555 Timer with the resistors and capacitors, and the signal frequency is 100Hz. Timing system contains the counter, decoder, display. Counter 74 LS1