【正文】 大和復(fù)雜性，已成為越來越多后，充足和可靠的電力系統(tǒng)的依賴。電氣領(lǐng)域的分配空間常常給建筑和相關(guān)專業(yè)的審議。故障保護，這是第9章中所涵蓋的，應(yīng)設(shè)計和整個系統(tǒng)的協(xié)調(diào)。服務(wù)，饋線和分支電路，需要足夠的打斷能力。這是通過使用前端設(shè)備，控制和機柜，正確的接地，故障水平的限制，安裝的障礙和其他隔離（包括特殊的通風(fēng)格柵），適當?shù)拈g隙，足夠的絕緣，類似的規(guī)定，在此建議的做法概述。人員的安全，可分為兩類：1）為維護和操作人員的安全2）為廣大市民的安全。各種規(guī)則提供最低保障的生命和財產(chǎn)的規(guī)則和規(guī)例。因為市民入住，通途，都會占用密度高的商業(yè)大廈。盡管在各種各樣的商業(yè)，住宅和機構(gòu)的建筑物，一些電氣設(shè)計元素共同所有。今天的商業(yè)樓宇，因為他們的規(guī)模日益擴大和復(fù)雜性，已成為越來越多后，充足和可靠的電力系統(tǒng)的依賴。它包括辦公和公寓樓，賓館，學(xué)校，教堂，海洋，航空，鐵路，巴士站，百貨公司，零售商店，政府大樓，醫(yī)院，養(yǎng)老院，精神和懲教機構(gòu)，影劇院，體育場館，以及其他直接服務(wù)市民的建筑物。它應(yīng)被視為對商業(yè)樓宇的電氣設(shè)計指南和一般參考。它也可以是一個負責(zé)所有商業(yè)樓宇電氣設(shè)計工程師的援助。關(guān)鍵詞：商業(yè)大廈，電力系統(tǒng)，負荷特性雖然面向工程師的權(quán)力與商業(yè)建設(shè)的經(jīng)驗有限，它可以是一個負責(zé)所有商業(yè)樓宇電氣設(shè)計工程師的援助。所占用的特殊要求。空間電空調(diào)，運輸，通信系統(tǒng)的規(guī)劃，設(shè)備自動化。系統(tǒng)的保護和協(xié)調(diào)。服務(wù)，拱頂，電氣設(shè)備室。電壓考慮電源和配電設(shè)備。 and must cooperate with the safety engineer, fire protection engineer, perhaps the environmental enginner, and a host of other concerned people, such as space planners and interior decorators, all of whom have a say in the ultimate design. The electrical designer must bee familiar with local rules and know the authorities having jurisdiction over the design and construction. It can be inconvenient and embarrassing to have an electrical project held up at the last moment because proper permits have not been obtained, for example, a permit for a street closing to allow installation of utilities to the site or an environmental permit for an onsite generator. Local contractors are usually familiar with local ordinances and union work rules and can be of great help in avoiding pitfalls. In performing electrical design, it is essential, at the outset, to prepare a checklist of all the design stages that have to be considered. Major items include temporary power, access to the site, and review by others. Certain electrical work may appear in nonelectrical sections of the specifications. For example, the furnishing and connecting of electric motors and motor controllers may be covered in the mechanical section of the specifications. For administrative control purposes, the electrical work may be divided into a number of contracts, some of which may be under the control of a general contractor and some of which may be awarded to electrical contractors. Among items with which the designer will be concerned are: preliminary cost estimates, final cost estimates, plans or drawings, technical specifications (which are the written presentation of the work), materials, manuals, factory inspections, laboratory tests, and temporary power. The designer may also be involved in providing information on electrical considerations that affect financial justification of the project in terms of owning and operating costs, amortization, return on investment, and related items. Many electrical designs follow the concept of petitiveness in the mercial sense. Here, cost is a primary consideration, and such designs tend toward minimum code requirements. There is great pressure on the designer to consider cost above maintainability and long life. However, the experienced designer can usually adopt effective promises. Flexibility Flexibility of the electric system means the adaptability to development and expansion as well as to changes to meet varied requirements during the life of the building. Often a designer is faced with providing utilities where the loads may be unknown. For example, many office buildings are constructed with the tenant space designs inplete. In some cases, the designer will provide only the core utilities available for connection by others to serve the working areas. In other cases, the designer may lay out only the basic systems and, as tenant requirements are developed, fill in the details. Often the tenant provides all of his or her own working space designs. Because it is usually difficult and costly to increase the capacity of risers and feeders, it is important that provisions for sufficient capacity be provided initially. Extra conductors or raceway space should be included in the design stage if additional loads may be added later. This consideration is particularly important for mercial buildings with the increasing use of electronic equipment and air conditioning. The cost and difficulties in obtaining space for new feeders and larger switchgear, which would be required when modernizing or expanding a building, may well be considered in the initial design. A load growth margin of 50% applied to the installed capacity of the major feeders is often justified where expansion is anticipated. Each project deserves careful consideration of the proper load growth margin to be allowed. Flexibility in an electric wiring system is enhanced by the use of oversize or spare raceways, cables, busways, and equipment. The cost of making such provisions is usually relatively small in the initial installation. Empty riser shafts and holes through floors may be provided at relatively low cost for future work. Consideration should be given to the provision of satellite electric closets initially for future expansion. Openings through floors should be filled in with fireproof, easily removed materials to prevent the spread of fire and smoke between floors. For puter rooms and the like, flexibility is frequently provided by raised floors made of removable panels, providing access to a wiring space between the raised floor and the slab below.商業(yè)樓宇摘要：提供商業(yè)樓宇電氣設(shè)計指南和一般參考。 and electrical energy management. Although directed to the power oriented engineer with limited mercial building experience, it can be an aid to all engineers responsible for the electrical design of mercial buildings. This remended practice is not intended to be a plete handbook。 expansion, modernization, and rehabilitation。 munication systems planning。 electric space conditioning。 systems protection and coordination。 services, vaults, and electrical equipment rooms。 power sources and distribution apparatus。Commercial BuildingsAbstract: A guide and general reference on electrical design for mercial buildings is provided. It covers load characteristics。 voltage considerations。 controllers。 wiring systems。 light