【正文】 uit the right way— bystopping abruptly and pletely. In her study, participants were randomly （隨機(jī)地） assigned to two groups. One had to quitabruptly on a given day, going from about a pack a day to zero. The other cut down graduallyover the course of two weeks. People in both groups used nicotine （尼古?。?patches beforethey quit, in addition to a second form of nicotine replacement, like gum or spray. They alsohad talk therapy with a nurse before and after quit day. Six months out, more people who had quit abruptly had stuck with it— more than onefifth ofthem, pared to about oneseventh in the other group. Although these numbers appear low, it is much higher than if people try without support. And the quit rates were particularly convincing given that before the study started, most ofthe people had said they39。spurpose. scholars think teamwork may not always be reliable, despite its potential to workwonders. ensure employees39。s boss, says that If I see morethan two pizzas for lunch, the team is too big. They need to immunise teams against groupthink: Hackman argued that the best ones contain deviant （離經(jīng)叛道者） who are willing todo something that may be upsetting to others. I） A new study of 12,000 workers in 17 countries by Steelcase, a furnituremaker which alsodoes consulting, finds that the best way to ensure employees are engaged is to give themmore control over where and how they do their work— which may mean liberating them fromhaving to do everything in collaboration with others. J） However, anisations need to learn something bigger than how to manage teams better: they need to be in the habit of asking themselves whether teams are the best tools for the job. Teambuilding skills are in short supply: Deloitte reports that only 12% of the executives theycontacted feel they understand the way people work together in works and only 21% feelconfident in their ability to build crossfunctional teams. Loosely managed teams can beehotbeds of distraction— employees routinely plain that they can39。s National Transportation Safety Board found that 73% of theincidents in its civilaviation database occurred on a crew39。t count on it. F） Hackman （ who died in 2022） noted that teams are hindered by problems of coordinationand motivation that chip away at the benefits of collaboration. Highflyers （能干的人） who areforced to work in teams may be undervalued and freeriders empowered. Groupthink may beunavoidable. In a study of 120 teams of senior executives, he discovered that less than 10% of their supposed members agreed on who exactly was on the team. If it is hard enough todefine a team39。s hierarchical structure hindered its operations during the early stagesof the Iraq war. His solution was to learn something from the rebels it was fighting: decentralising authority to selfanising teams. E） A good rule of thumb is that as soon as generals and hospital administrators jump on amanagement bandwagon （追隨一種管理潮流） , it is time to ask questions. Leigh Thompson ofKellogg School of Management in Illinois warns that, Teams are not always the answer— teamsmay provide insight, creativity and knowledge in a way that a person working independentlycannot。 now they take oneor two. Digital technology also makes it easier for people to coordinate their activities withoutresorting to hierarchy. The millennials （千禧一代） who will soon make up half the workforcein rich countries were raised from nursery school onwards to work in groups. D） The fashion for teams is also spreading from the usual corporate suspects (such as GE andIBM) to some more unusual ones. The Cleveland Clinic, a hospital operator, has reanised itsmedical staff into teams to focus on particular treatment areas。s chemical messengers prevents the central nervous systemfrom directing muscle movements __28__. It was not known, however, whether centralfatigue might also affect motor systems not directly __29__ in the exercise itself, such asthose that move the eyes. To find out, researchers gave 11 volunteer cyclists a carbohydrate（碳水化合物的） __30__ either with a moderate dose of caffeine （咖啡因）， which is knownto stimulate the central nervous system, or as a placebo （安慰劑） without, during 3 hours of__31__. After exercising, the scientists tested the cyclists with eyetracking cameras to seehow well their brains could still __32__ their visual system. The team found that exercisereduced the speed of rapid eye movements by about 8%, __33__ their ability to capture newvisual information. The caffeine, the equivalent of two strong cups of coffee, was __34__ toreverse this effect, with some cyclists even displaying __35__ eye movement speeds. So itmight be a good idea to get someone else to drive you home after that marathon. A) cautiously B) mit C) control D) cycling E) effectively F) increased G) involved H) limited I) phenomenon J) preventing K) sensitive L) slowing M) solution N) sufficient O) vigorous Section B Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs Identify the paragraphfrom which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Eachparagraph is marked with a letter. Answer the quest