【正文】 The wine shop, as a rule, is a more vigorous place than the caffe, and is filled almost exclusively with men. Wandering singers, generally in groups of two or three, add to the noise of these places with their songs and music. Many of the songs are of a political character and make fun of the leading statesmen of Italy, America, England, France, and Russia. But the songs are generally showing off a spirit of mischief. And when the criticism is about America, the American tourists find themselves laughing as much as anyone else. The Italian is a master at making fun of you and making you like it. The Italian men are deeprooted gamblers. They have been brought up to it as children, but they are cautious gamblers and never go too much in it. The national lottery used to be one of the most popular forms of gambling. But later a football stake had taken away much of the interest in the lottery. But here the important thing is that gambling, the same as drinking, seldom goes to an Italian39。 in a study done in Scotland several months after that nation instituted a ban on smoking in public places, researchers found that following the ban, bar patrons showed stronger lung capacity and reduced levels of inflammation (a red flag for a number of chronic diseases, including heart disease and asthma) . ‘We made it pretty clear that the science on this is pretty irrefutable,’ says McKenna. And if smokers have fewer places to smoke, that message may finally get heard. to the passage, the scientists carried out their researches on _______. (A) smokers from different parts of the world (B) smokers from different states in the United States (C) actors and actresses who smoke a lot (D) wait staff and bartenders is usually considered to be one of the direct causes of _______. (A) asthma (B) lung cancer (C) heart attacks (D) high blood pressure , according to the passage, makes the research conducted by the scientists at the Oregon Department of Health so unique? (A) The fact that the scientists managed to measure the average hourly increase of NNK. (B) The fact that the scientists succeeded in making more people realize the harm of smoking. (C) The fact that the scientists did a lot of experiments on smokers in public areas. (D) The fact that the scientists discovered NNK, a carcinogen in cigarette smoke. is used in Paragraph 4, the phrase a control group refers to _______. (A) people working at the Oregon Department of Health (B) people investigating at the Mulmonah County Health Department in Oregon (C) people serving as a standard of parison for checking test results (D) people involved in passing legislation banning smoking in eating establishments many states in the United States have banned smoking in restaurants? (A) 12. (B) 13. (C) 14. (D) 15. Questions 610 In its everyday life, Italy is very much the man39。s fresh evidence quantifying just how hazardous the afterburn from cigarettes can be, and how quickly it affects your body. Scientists at the Oregon Department of Health documented for the first time an hourly buildup of a cancercausing pound from cigarette smoke in the blood of nonsmokers working in bars and restaurants in the state. Reporting in the American Journal of Public Health, the researchers found that waitstaff and bartenders working a typical night shift gradually accumulated higher levels of NNK, a carcinogen in cigarette smoke, at the rate of 6% each hour they worked. NNK is known to be involved in inducing lung cancer in both lab rats and smokers. We were somewhat surprised by the immediacy of the effect and the fact that we could measure the average hourly increase, says Michael Stark, the lead author of the study and a principal investigator at the Mulmomah County Health Department in Oregon. The authors are confident that the increases in NNK in the workers they tested most likely came from their exposure to smoke— the study included a control group of similar subjects in restaurants where no smoking was allowed. There is experimental evidence from studies where you put nonsmokers in a room, blow smoke into the room and measure their artery function, that you see the platelets get sticky, which can cause clots and lead to a heart attack, and the ability of the arteries to dilate decreases very rapidly, says Dr. Matthew McKenna, director of the office on smoking and public health for the Centers for Disease Control. All of which could mean more time loitering outside buildings and in alleyways for smokers intent on grabbing a puff. Thirteen states now prohibit smoking in restaurants altogether (most of these include bars as well) , and while 11 states still put no restrictions on lighting up, individual cities within those states— such as Austin in Texas, for example— have passed legislation banning smoking in eating establishments and other public areas. It39。 York City 3. 30.(A) Sometime later next Sunday. (B) Next Sunday as usual in the man39。 York City 2. (C) Leeds United 1。 interest in culture. (D) To narrow and bridge educational gaps. Questions 2326 23.(A) They think whales are their friends. (B) They believe whales can save humans. (C) They wanted to ban whalehunting. (D) They enjoy watching whales in an aquarium. 24.(A) The increase of human population. (B) The extinction of dinosaurs. (C) The cutting down of forests. (D) The great demand for animal parts. 25.(A) In the 19th century. (B) In 1973. (C) In 1998. (D) In the 21st century. 26.(A) Their survival is closely related to numerous other species living in the same habitats. (B) Their enormous size makes them the king animals superior over numerous other species. (C) They usually live on top of the mountains so that it is difficult for humans to hunt. (D) They enjoy privileges as with special measures and extra prote