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2025-05-21 17:14本頁(yè)面
【正文】 eway/bridge functions as in a conventional wireless router, a mesh router contains additional routing functions to support mesh working. Through multihop munications, the same coverage can be achieved by a mesh router with much lower transmission power. To further improve the flexibility of mesh working, a mesh router is usually equipped with multiple wireless interfaces built on either the same or different wireless access technologies. In spite of all these differences, mesh and conventional wireless routers are usually built based on a similar hardware platform. Mesh routers have minimal mobility and form the mesh backbone for mesh clients. Thus, although mesh clients can also work as a router for mesh working, the hardware platform and software for them can be much simpler than those for mesh routers. For example, munication protocols for mesh clients can be lightweight, gateway or bridge functions do not exist in mesh clients, only a single wireless interface is needed in a mesh client, and so on. In addition to mesh working among mesh routers and mesh clients, the gateway/bridge functionalities in mesh routers enable the integration of WMNs with various other works. Conventional nodes equipped with wireless work interface cards (NICs) can connect directly to WMNs through wireless mesh routers. Customers without wireless NICs can access WMNs by connecting to wireless mesh routers through,for example, Ether. Thus, WMNs will greatly help users to be alwaysonline anywhere, anytime. Consequently, instead of being another type of adhoc working, WMNs diversify the capabilities of adhoc feature brings many advantages to WMNs, such as low upfront cost, easy work maintenance, robustness, reliable service coverage, etc. Therefore, in addition to being widely accepted in the traditional application sectors of ad hoc works, WMNs are undergoing rapid mercialization in many other application scenarios such as broadband home working, munity working, building automation, high speed metropolitan area works, and enterprise working. To date, several panies have already realized the potential of this technology and offer wireless mesh working products. A few testbeds have been established in university research labs. However, for a WMN to be all it can be,considerable research efforts are still needed. For example,the available MAC and routing protocols are not scalable。throughput drops significantly as the number of nodes or hops in WMNs increases. Thus, existing protocols need to be enhanced or reinvented for WMNs. Researchers have started to revisit the protocol design of existing wireless works,especially of IEEE works, ad hoc works, and wireless sensor works, from the perspective of wireless mesh working. Industrial standards groups, such as IEEE , IEEE , and IEEE , are all actively working on new specifications for WMNs. In this article we present a survey of recent advances in protocols and algorithms for WMNs. Our aim is to provide a better understanding of research challenges of this emerging technology. The rest of this article is organized as follows. The work architectures of WMNs are first presented, with an objective to highlight the characteristics of WMNs and the critical factors influencing protocol design. A detailed study on recent advances of WMNs is then carried out, with an emphasis on open research issues. The article concludes with final remarks. Network Architecture and Critical Design Factors Network Architecture The architecture of WMNs can be classified into three types: Infrastructure/Backbone
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