【正文】 activity and spatial patterns in human settlements. Such linkages, when repeated over time, form islands of local order structuring the larger patterns of global, ecological, and economic flows. 29 The pattern of the town square and approach street is another, more formal example of an urban morphology, focusing on a single center, setting up the central agora or forum as in a Greek or Roman city grid (and echoed in the courtyardhouse typology). The Islamic city, with its irregular culdesac structure, acmodating the topography, emerged as a variation on this classical model, with the mosque, bazaar, school, and baths replacing the forum and temples at the center. 30 Medieval European cities, also with culdesacs, but based on a rowhouse typology, formed another morphological variation of the classical city, with market halls and cathedrals on the city square. In The Making of the American Landscape (1990), edited by Michael P. Conzen of the University of Chicago, contributors illustrate how the morphology of the city shifted from a dense single center to a “machine city.” This bipolar structure was based on railways creating a regional division between dense center and suburban villa edge (involving the separation of consumption from production, industry from farmland, rich from poor, etc.). In the second phase, the “ machine city” of the Modernists (best exemplified by the morphology of Le Corbusier’s Ville Radieuse (1933) with its slab blocks and towers set in parkland) replaced the old, dense Industrial City. With the advent of the automobile, a third morphology emerged in a multi centered pattern and isolated, pavilion, building typologies, a pattern that was further extended by airports on the regional periphery. Joel Garreau identified this as the postmodern “ Edge City” morphology of malls, office parks, industrial parks and residential enclaves in 1991. 31 In Europe Cedric Price jokingly described these three city morphologies in terms of breakfast dishes. There was the traditional, dense, “ hardboiled egg” city fixed in concentric rings of development within its shell or walls. Then there was the “ fried egg” city, where railways stretched the city’s perimeter in linear, accelerated, spacetime corridors out into the landscape, resulting in a star shape. Finally there was the postmodern city, the “scrambled egg city,” where everything is distributed evenly in small granules or pavilions across the landscape in a continuous work. Koolhaas and the younger Dutch groups like MVRDV continue this tradition of urban, morphological analysis with a light, analogical touch. The anizing group of the 2021 International Conference of Young Planners meeting in Utrecht, for instance, used Price’s metaphors to study the impact of media and munications on the city. 32 Franz Oswald , from the ETH Zurich Urban Design program, also examines the “scrambled egg” work analogy in the Synoikos and NEt city Projects . These projects study the distribution of urban morphologies in central Switzerland as layers in a cultural, mercial, industrial and informational matrix within the extreme Alpine topography and its watersheds. 33 Schumacher, at the AA’s Design Research Laboratory, has also extended his work from Stalking Detroit into an investigation of the role of personal choice in a dynamic, typological, and morphological matrix forming temporary housing structures in the city. 34 His colleagues in the Landscape Urbanism program have also shifted to a more urban orienttion, studying Venice and its lagoon. This rationalist, morphological and landscape tradition seems to be centered in Venice. Here Bernardo Secchi and Pao