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of puters. By the late 1970s, many products such as video recorders contained dedicated puters called microcontrollers, and they started to appear as a replacement to mechanical controls in domestic appliances such as washing machines. The 1980s witnessed home puters and the now ubiquitous personal puter. With the evolution of the Inter, personal puters are being as mon as the television and the telephone in the household. Modern smartphones are fully programmable puters in their own right, and as of 2021 may well be the most mon form of such puters in existenc. 4 歷史的計算 主要文章 :計算機(jī)硬件的歷史 在第一次使用“計算機(jī)”這個詞被記錄在 1613 年 ,指的是對一個人進(jìn)行了計算 ,或計算 ,與詞的意思相同 ,直到繼續(xù) 20 世紀(jì)中期。s first operational puter. The nonprogrammable Atanasoff–Berry Computer (menced in 1937, pleted in 1941) which used vacuum tube based putation, binary numbers, and regenerative capacitor memory. The use of regenerative memory allowed it to be much more pact than its peers (being approximately the size of a large desk or workbench), since intermediate results could be stored and then fed back into the same set of putation elements. The secret British Colossus puters (1943), which had limited 3 programmability but demonstrated that a device using thousands of tubes could be reasonably reliable and electronically reprogrammable. It was used for breaking German wartime codes. The Harvard Mark I (1944), a largescale electromechanical puter with limited programmability. The . Army39。 畢業(yè)設(shè)計 (論文 )外文資料翻譯 系 別 計算機(jī)信息與技術(shù)系 專 業(yè) 計算機(jī)科學(xué)與技術(shù) 班 級 姓 名 學(xué) 號 外文出處 附 件 1. 原文; 2. 譯文 2021 年 3 月