【正文】 大意三個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇科研類(lèi)閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。 （4）考查主旨大意。實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)康氖强纯带B(niǎo)類(lèi)的視角是否能提供幫助。 （3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的“It seemed that the strikingly iridescent surfaces on our targets visually broke up the otherwise recognizable shape of the targets, which made them hard to distinguish.”似乎我們的目標(biāo)上驚人的彩虹表面在視覺(jué)上打破了原本可以辨認(rèn)的目標(biāo)形狀，這使得它們很難區(qū)分。t a new one.”引人注目的顏色可以用來(lái)偽裝，這種想法并不新鮮，排除C，故選D。catching colors could be used as a cover173。根據(jù)第一段中的“A good disguise keeps you hidden, right? Well, sometimes the best disguise is actually the most dazzling because research reveals that flashy metallic iridescence(金屬彩虹色) can visually puzzle predators, which allows colorful prey to survive another day.”可知彩虹色被動(dòng)物用來(lái)通過(guò)逃離捕食者而活得更久，排除A；根據(jù)第三段中的“Here I would like to point out that in some species, particularly those that display strong sexual dimorphism(雌雄兩性), such as birds of paradise or some butterflies or fishes, the occurrence of iridescence is most likely driven by sexual selection.”在這里我想指出的是，在某些物種中，尤其是那些表現(xiàn)出強(qiáng)烈兩性差異的物種，比如天堂鳥(niǎo)、孔雀，甚至在某些蝴蝶或魚(yú)類(lèi)中，彩虹色的出現(xiàn)很可能是由性別選擇所驅(qū)動(dòng)的。Shining colors as a sexual strategy【答案】 （1）D（2）C（3）C（4）B 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，介紹了彩虹色有助于生物隱藏。Metallic iridescent as the best disguiseC.A famous camouflage strategyWhy birds are not effected by iridescent insects.D.Whether there are any differences between bees and birds.B.If a circle, with a sugar reward, is iridescent, the bees may have difficulty finding itD.Bees can always tell the difference between a circle and an ovalB.D.catch the attention of their matesC.live a little longer by escaping their predator(捕食者)s173。s concealment？ s concealment39。Coloration in the Animal Kingdom, already in 1909, that 39。up isn39。 The idea that eye173。 And in our research group we are of course interested in why this vivid metallic color is so widespread in nature. Karin Kjernsmo of the University of Bristol adds that in some cases the showy splashes of light are a sexual strategy. Here I would like to point out that in some species, particularly those that display strong sexual dimorphism(雌雄兩性), such as birds of paradise or some butterflies or fishes, the occurrence of iridescence is most likely driven by sexual selection. For example, in many of these cases it is the males that have these vivid iridescent colors and they use them in mate choice or they use them as a signal to attract mates. Shining iridescent color, which changes depending on the angle from which it39。4．犇犇閱讀理解 A選項(xiàng)的描述 糧食生產(chǎn)可導(dǎo)致約20%的人為造成的溫室氣體，而只使用了三分之一的無(wú)冰土地 正確，故選A。caused greenhouse gas emissions.”地球上三分之一的無(wú)冰區(qū)被用于農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)，根據(jù)一些估算，食物生產(chǎn)大約占到了人類(lèi)造成的溫室氣體排放量的五分之一。根據(jù)第三段中的“A third of the ice173。takes a big toll on固定短語(yǔ)，“付出了巨大的代價(jià)”，故選B。肥料徑流也導(dǎo)致了其他問(wèn)題，例如伊利湖的藻類(lèi)爆發(fā)以及墨西哥灣的死亡區(qū)域。free land on Earth is used for agriculture, and according to some estimates, producing food accounts for roughly a fifth of all human173。 （2）考查詞義猜測(cè)。t explicitly mention—environmental impacts, that you are going to have lower environmental impacts due to that.” 我們發(fā)現(xiàn)（營(yíng)養(yǎng)膳食指南的）影響因國(guó)家而異，但總的來(lái)說(shuō)，在影響力較大的國(guó)家，如果你遵循國(guó)家推薦的膳食指南，即使這些膳食并未明晰對(duì)環(huán)境的影響，或者大多數(shù)膳食沒(méi)有明確說(shuō)明這一點(diǎn)，但是你對(duì)環(huán)境的影響會(huì)因?yàn)樽裱改隙鴾p輕。impact nations, in general, you can see that, if you follow a nationally remended diet, despite the fact that these diets don39。 （1）考查推理判斷。t effected much.【答案】 （1）C（2）B（3）A 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，介紹了營(yíng)養(yǎng)指南對(duì)地球也有利。 new program concerning healthy eating for schools is likely to be based on national nutrition guidelines.D.It is estimated that following dietary guidelines can lead to decrease in more land use than in nutrient pollution.C.caused greenhouse gas with only a third of the ice173。makes up for（3）Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A.takes full advantage ofhas a bad effect onshows signs oft mention the diet explicitly for its impacts can be ignored.（2）What do the underlined words takes a big toll on Some high173。Following a nationally remended diet can do good to our health.C. It seems that a smaller environmental footprint and a healthier lifestyle could go hand in hand.（1）Which of the following statement will Paul Behrens approve of? A.schools program then that39。eating173。on effect on other areas of policy making. So if I39。s team estimates that following the rules could result in as much as a 17 percent reduction in land use, a 21 percent reduction in nutrient pollution, and a 25 percent drop in agricultural greenhouse gas emissions. Cutting down on how much food we waste—which is roughly a third in the US—could help even more. The results are in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. Overall, in high173。 However, following dietary guidelines would reduce those impacts, especially in wealthy countries like the US. Most of the reductions e from meat and dairy, which have an outsized impact on land use and pollution, and are a major source of greenhouse gases.(That39。free land on Earth is used for agriculture, and according to some estimates, producing food accounts for roughly a fifth of all human173。ine nations. said Paul Behrens, an environmental scientist at Leiden University in the Netherlands.t explicitly mention—environmental impacts, that you are going to have lower environmental impacts due to that. So that39。impact nations, in general, you can see that, if you follow a nationally remended diet, despite the fact that these diets don39。s good for the planet, too. You know those nutrition guidelines the government issues every few years? It turns out that following them isn39。 【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，詞義猜測(cè)，推理判斷和段落大意四個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇科研類(lèi)閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。 （4）考查詞義猜測(cè)。在大型公共場(chǎng)所，很難像機(jī)場(chǎng)那樣設(shè)置昂貴的安檢設(shè)施。s hard to set up expensive screening equipment like what39。根據(jù)第四段中的“noting its design can inspect bags or luggage without being an exposure to privacy.”可知，不用打開(kāi)和檢查人們的個(gè)人物品，避免了侵犯隱私，可知選D?？芍xB。 （1）考查段落大意。D.Discovering.B.Confirming.D. privacy.To make full use of WiFi.C.It protects personal inf