【正文】 findings suggest that advanced numerical cognition (認知) may be found much more widely in nature among nonhuman animals than previously suspected. RMIT39。 Researchers have found bees can do basic mathematics, in a discovery that deepens our understanding of the relationship between brain size and brain power. Recently, A study conducted by researchers from RMIT University in Melbourne, Australia showed that bees could perform arithmetic operations like addition and subtraction (減法). 【點評】本題考點涉及細節(jié)理解和推理判斷兩個題型的考查，是一篇科教類閱讀，考生需要準確掌握細節(jié)信息，同時根據(jù)上下文進行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。由此可推斷出，我們鼓勵孩子去贏的同時，提醒他們要體諒他人。 （4）考查推理判斷。由此可推斷出，人們天生不喜歡不友善的行為。 （3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第二段中的“Asked which puppet they liked better, 18 of the 21 toddlers in the experiment reached for the puppet who had been allowed to pass. Because respect from others is a marker of status, this suggests that children have a preference for those with a higher status—even before age three.”可知，蹣跚學(xué)步的孩子喜歡那個被允許通過的木偶，是因為這種行為代表著受人尊敬，孩子們更喜歡受尊敬的人。故選B。根據(jù)第一段中的“A recent study published in Nature Human Behaviour showed that we seem to have an innate（天生的）preference for highranking peoples—but only if those people aren39。ll keep reminding him that helping his brother so they both finish faster is what winning is all about.（1）What do we tend to do according to the first paragraph? challenges all the time. highranking people. advantage of high status. others with offensive words.（2）Why did toddlers prefer the puppet allowed to pass? looked adorable. behaved smartly. seemed polite. was respected.（3）What can we infer from the latter study? people are better loved by toddlers. naturally dislike unkind behavior. care little about high social status. helpful contributes to being supported.（4）What should we do when we encourage children to win? them to use proper and creative ways. them to be as hardworking as possible. them to be considerate to other people. them to try to cooperate with someone else.【答案】 （1）B（2）D（3）B（4）C 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了人們更傾向于喜歡和尊敬地位高而又無害于他人的人，這似乎是一種天性，即使是蹣跚學(xué)步的孩子也是如此。 However, the results were quite different when two puppets approached one another and one used force to knock the other down before continuing to the other side. In this case, 18 of the 21 toddlers reached for the one who was knocked down. As the researchers concluded, When approaching others, very young children care not only who wins, but also how. The previous experiment has shown that toddlers know about social status, but this experiment went one step further by proving they have an obvious preference for high status. Since the participants were so young, this might even be an innate human preference.t hurtful toward others.re racing their bikes down the sidewalk or just finishing their snacks. It39。 【點評】本題考點涉及細節(jié)理解和推理判斷兩個題型的考查，是一篇科普類閱讀，考生需要準確捕捉細節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文進行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。從而可以推斷出，千足蟲是擁有多種防御機制的物種。然而，它們也會釋放出有害 的 （3）考查推理判斷。t have to fax anyone a death certificate. They just lie there with their tongues hanging out with the smell of dead flesh, sometimes for hours, effectively convincing potential predators they can find a much fresher meal elsewhere.”可知，負鼠假裝死亡，讓捕食者在其他地方找到更新鮮的食物，以避免成為捕食者的目標。根據(jù)故選C。根據(jù)sea hare【答案】 （1）C（2）B（3）C 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了一些野生動物是如何進行自身防御的。millipedeopossumvultureThe hoatzin eats cow shit so that it is nicknamed as stink bird.D.The vulture carries bacteria so that predators dare not get close to it.B.releasing substance to make predators unable to smell itD.being plain in taste at the discovery of a predatorB. Researchers using lobsters (2f) as model predators found that the sea blocks the lobsters receptive mechanism. In other words, the sea hare gives its attacker the equivalent of a stuffy nose so they don39。 The graceful sea hare is plain in taste in the first place, so it39。 Millipedes are tricky. For starters they look wormy. Their name is deceptive, too: Their legs number about 750. Their major defense is to curl up into a ball. They, though, also release a harm eyes, and leave a horrible smell on their attackers.s the only bird known to digest by fermentation, like a cow. This process is what causes its smell and has earned it the nickname the stink bird Hoatzin (磨雉)t have to fax anyone a death certificate. They just lie there with their tongues hanging out with the smell of dead flesh, sometimes for hours, effectively convincing potential predators they can find a much fresher meal elsewhere. Even if they keep getting attacked, they won39。 Opossum (負鼠) Vultures, are street sweepers that feast on the rotting flesh of dead animals, which benefits us by ridding our highways and landscapes of animal bodies and the bacteria they might carry. When vultures feel threatened they vomit, and the smell of vomitedon dead bodies puts of most predators. Throwing up allows the vulture to fly away more quicklyand the vomit can hurt the aggressor39。 While faking and fierce looks are among animals great defenses, many species know that everyone runs from a big stink (臭氣) too. 【點評】本題考點涉及細節(jié)理解，推理判斷和主旨大意三個題型的考查，是一篇科普類閱讀，考生需要準確捕捉細節(jié)信息，同時根據(jù)上下文進行邏輯推理，概括歸納，從而選出正確答案?？芍?，作者對可折疊屏幕的未來持的態(tài)度是積極的。根據(jù)最后一段中的“But if the foldable device isn39。故選D。這是一個很少有人能負擔得起的價格。s a price that few people will be able to afford.”然而，目前這些可折疊設(shè)備價格昂貴。 （3）考查細節(jié)理解。丹尼森的話中了解到“可折疊屏幕”具有很大的潛力?！斑@是一塊空白的畫布，我們可以一起做一些美好的事情。根據(jù)第五段中的“Justin Denison, called the foldable screen ‘the foundation for the smartphone of tomorrow’.‘It39。故選B。t it be great if there were a phone with the powers of a tablet that could be folded up and fit neatly into the hand?”如果有一款具有平板電腦功能的手機，可以折疊起來，整齊地放在手里，那不是很棒嗎?；以及第二段中的“Now something like a tabletshaped but foldable phone is about to bee available.”現(xiàn)在，類似于平板形狀的可折疊手機即將問世?！?（1）考查主旨大意。D.Positive.B.Worried.They are unaffordable for most families.（4）What is t