技術(shù)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)名詞解釋(參考版)
2024-11-09 22:05本頁(yè)面
【正文】 22．周期性失業(yè)：是指經(jīng)濟(jì)周期中的衰退或蕭條時(shí)，因需求下降而造成的失業(yè)，這種失業(yè)是由整個(gè)經(jīng)濟(jì)的產(chǎn)出和支出下降所造成的。：自然失業(yè)率為經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)在正常情況下的失業(yè)率，它是勞動(dòng)市場(chǎng)處于供求穩(wěn)定時(shí)的失業(yè)率，這里的穩(wěn)定狀態(tài)被認(rèn)為是：既不會(huì)造成通貨膨脹也不會(huì)導(dǎo)致通貨緊縮的狀態(tài)。：在一定時(shí)間內(nèi)生產(chǎn)的并由其最后使用者購(gòu)買的產(chǎn)品和勞務(wù)。（書本上）當(dāng)一個(gè)經(jīng)濟(jì)中絕大數(shù)商品和勞務(wù)價(jià)格連續(xù)在一段時(shí)間內(nèi)普遍上漲時(shí)，宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)就稱這個(gè)經(jīng)濟(jì)經(jīng)歷著通貨膨脹：指生產(chǎn)過(guò)程中由于難以避免的摩擦造成的短期、局部性失業(yè)。通貨膨脹率低時(shí)，失業(yè)率高。：在宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)中，將價(jià)格水平變動(dòng)引起利率同方向變動(dòng)，進(jìn)而使投資和產(chǎn)出反方向變動(dòng)的情況稱為利率效應(yīng)：失業(yè)率每高于自然失業(yè)率1個(gè)百分點(diǎn)，實(shí)際GDP將低于潛在GDP2個(gè)百分點(diǎn)。：指政府支出增加所引起的私人消費(fèi)或投資支出降低的效果。：滿足貨幣市場(chǎng)的均衡條件下收入y與利率r的關(guān)系的曲線稱為L(zhǎng)M曲線：指政府變動(dòng)稅收與支出以便影響總需求進(jìn)而影響就業(yè)和國(guó)民收入的政策。：指人們?yōu)榱俗プ∮欣馁?gòu)買有價(jià)證券的機(jī)會(huì)而持有部分貨幣的動(dòng)機(jī)：當(dāng)利率極低，人們會(huì)認(rèn)為這時(shí)利率不大可能再下降，或者說(shuō)有價(jià)證券市場(chǎng)不大可能再上升而只會(huì)跌落，人們不管有多少貨幣都愿意持有手中，這種情況成為“凱恩斯陷阱”和“流動(dòng)偏好陷阱”。在這些組合下，投資和儲(chǔ)蓄是相等的，即I=S。：一條反映利率和收入間關(guān)系的曲線。第四篇：發(fā)展經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)名詞解釋 is interested in how and why individuals(or groups)make decisions about the use and distribution of resourcesproducer, or a cost or benefit that arises from consumption and falls on someone other than the marginal external cost(pigouvian tax).The government sets a price per unit of pollution, so that the more a firm pollutes, the higher are its emissions legally established titles to the ownership, use, and disposal of factors of production and goods and services that are enforceable in the firm is assigned a permitted amount of pollution per period and firms trade market price of a permit confronts polluters with the social marginal cost of their actions and leads to an efficient )incurred in related markets or experienced by consumers or government(= benefits)increases in productivity from cleaner environment, process is the most mon tool to assess value: maximum amount of money an individual would voluntarily pay to obtain an improvement = t
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