【正文】 。 “三個代表” ()。、設施的總和 |、組織的總和()。()。 ()?！靶抡?)。()。s 綜合癥 選答題（8選2, 20*2）試述抗腫瘤藥物的分類，作用機制和代表藥？何謂腫瘤的三級預防？試舉宮頸癌的Ⅰ、Ⅱ級預防措施？試述乳腺癌的主要臨床表現？試述胰腺癌的主要臨床表現？試述粘附分子的定義及分類？試述酪氨酸激酶信號轉導途徑，列舉腫瘤靶向藥物Herceptin、Tarceva的作用靶點及適應癥？1試述何為“費城染色體”及臨床意義？1試述Bcl2家族蛋白調控程序性細胞死亡的分子機制？2017年空2018年必答題（15*4）良惡性腫瘤的區(qū)別簡述SBRT的定義癌變二階段學說 2012年生理學諾貝爾獎獲得者紅細胞里面加入4個基因能形成誘導多能干細胞，問是哪4個gene 選答題（8選2, 20*2）肺癌的鑒別診斷腫瘤婦科體格檢查的主要手法以及臨床意義各類抗腫瘤藥物的原理以及舉例什么是腫瘤遺傳易感性，遺傳易感性對臨床的的指導意義簡述肝癌的高危人群，AFP的臨床意義抑癌基因失活的方式，舉例說明兒童腎母細胞瘤的治療原則TGF的癌基因及抑癌基因作用第五篇：歷年國考真題一、單項選擇題(共30分)(更多復習資料)下列各題備選答案中，只有一個是最符合題意的，請將其選出，并在答題卡上將對應題號后的字母涂黑。超聲堅持在腫瘤診斷中得優(yōu)缺點；1癌的三級預防；1肝癌的一級，二級預防措施；1放療的適應癥，禁忌癥；1早期胃癌的概念及手術方式；1腫瘤術前診斷要求明確哪些方面；1乳腺癌發(fā)病的流行病學因素；1宮頸癌的主要致癌因素。1試述駱氨酸激酶受體信號傳導通路及在腫瘤治療中的意義，請舉出四種靶向酪氨 酸激酶的抗腫瘤藥物。1腫瘤基因治療策略。試從放射物理學和放射生物學兩個方面論述腫瘤放射治療的新進展。試述根治性化療的原理和應用原則。試述預防性手術的概念并舉出5個例子。試述腫瘤多步轉移的機制。試述新輔助化療的概念及臨床意義。假設有種新基因X可能與腫瘤的轉移相關，請設計實驗驗證之。腫瘤標記物的定義，列舉臨床常見的五種腫瘤標記物及臨床意義二、選答題大腸癌的duks分期列舉大腸癌的三種癌前病變。（胸科考生必答）2006年空2007年一、必答題腫瘤外科的預防性作用，舉例說明。舉例說明。（頭頸科考生必答）1提高大腸癌療效有那些措施。（抗癌藥理考 生必答）1甲狀腺癌（腫瘤？）的診斷、影像（CT）和鑒別診斷。舉出3種藥物名稱。1基因治療策略。1肝動脈栓塞化療術治療肝癌原理。（內科考生必答）試述Indolent非霍奇金淋巴瘤治療原則和化療方案？（內科考生必答）食管癌吞鋇造影X線的主要表現。（何領域？何進展？反正是這 方面目前抗癌藥物的開發(fā)和應用，除細胞毒藥物外，尚有那些藥物作用靶點。細胞信號傳導途徑的基本組成要素。拓撲異構酶對惡性腫瘤的意義？舉出針對拓撲異構酶Ⅰ、Ⅱ的化療藥名稱各一個。自體造血干細胞移植的適應癥。術前放療的原則根治性化療的理論基礎和原則腫瘤免疫治療有哪些方法？蒽環(huán)類最常見的副作用有哪些？如何防治？腫瘤細胞信號傳導有哪些基本組成要素？信號轉導的組成二、選答題肺癌淋巴引流分組腫瘤外科發(fā)展趨勢試述腫瘤的異型性1Herceptin的原理、適應癥及禁忌癥1什么是預防性手術，有哪些1低惡性非霍奇金淋巴瘤治療原則1凋亡特征及發(fā)展機制1中晚期胸上段食管癌的臨床癥狀有哪些，為什么？1AFP在肝癌診治中的意義1肝動脈栓塞化療的1基因突變有哪些及有哪些檢查方法1常見致癌因素及其致癌特點 烴化劑作用機理，舉出3種藥物2抗癌藥物的不良反應有哪些，各舉1例2根治性頸淋巴潔清掃并發(fā)癥有哪些，如何預防2提高結腸癌療效有哪些方法2腫瘤局部，遠處擴散機制2鼻咽癌放療后主要遠期后遺癥有哪些，哪些方法預防或減少發(fā)生2005年一、必答題惡性腫瘤細胞放療損傷的4R 變化及其臨床意義。鼻窺鏡在鼻咽癌診治中的應用簡述作用于抗癌新靶點的藥物并舉例說明試述90年代后使用于臨床的對惡性腫瘤有效的新藥物，并舉例說明試述ⅢB期非小細胞肺癌獲取細胞學或病理學診斷的方法。大劑量MTX治療及用CF解救的方法及原理。參考范文：The past years witnessed considerable improvement in scientific research in this typical sign is the mounting number of papers published in SCI and SSCI , the quality of many such papers and works is proof is that the average citation frequency of these papers has remained unchanged for phenomenon has given rise to heated , I believe that this phenomenon should be viewed from more than one the one hand, it must be admitted that there has appeared an undesirable trend in Chinese academic circle in the past years, that is, too much emphasis has been put on the number of papers published rather than the quality of these papers, or substantial efforts and contribution in scientific a look around, one can find examples too many to number of papers, especially the number of papers published in SCI or SSCI periodicals has been regarded as the most important or the single criteria in uating a scientific is even directly related to his salary and opportunity for trend has led Chinese academy to an unhealthy road of we can see, many scholars have bee more of writers than even plagiarize in order to publish more the other hand, however, we should not hastily say no to the quantitative uation of scientific fact, the number of papers is a critical index in measuring the achievement of a scholar or an academic we can see, nations with developed sciences rank among the top in SCI and SSCI uation is especially necessary in some disciplines in China where there are not sufficient experts to give an objective sum up, we should not go to extremes in this we should continue to adopt the quantity of works as an index in uating scientific researchers, we should not lay as much emphasis on it as we , more freedom and a looser environment should be provided for researchers so th