【正文】 主要建筑在內壇，圜丘壇在南、祈谷壇在北。為明、清兩代帝王祭祀皇天、祈五谷豐登之場所。在整個北京城里，北有地壇祭地，南有天壇祭天，東有日壇祭太陽，西有月壇祭月亮，其中天壇最為光彩奪目、氣宇非凡。占地約270萬平方米，是中國現(xiàn)存最大的古代祭祀性建筑群。新中國成立以后，這里成了著名的旅游景點，來這里的除了旅游者，還有很多健身的人們。乾隆年間，將大祀殿改為現(xiàn)在的祈年殿，將屋頂瓦片改成藍色的琉璃瓦，形成了今天我們看到的這個世界上最大的祭天建筑群。天壇是明朝永樂皇帝建成的祭天圣壇，主建筑是大祀殿，也就是今天的祈年殿。總面積273平方米。北京天壇導游詞3我國北京天壇是世界文化遺產，國家5A級旅游景區(qū)，全國重點文明保護單位。它將為人類文明的進步永遠發(fā)揮著史料、借鑒和教育三大作用。中國封建統(tǒng)治延續(xù)了兩千多年，天壇的規(guī)劃、設計思想，體現(xiàn)了它的合理性。犧牲所是用來飼養(yǎng)祭祀犧牲的場所。神樂署是專門演習神樂舞的場所，最重要的曲子是中和韶樂和丹陛大樂。再向前走就是神樂署了?；实奂捞熘?，要到天壇齋宮齋戒三天，三天以內不能做任何事。首先我們看到的是齋宮。在游覽過了圜丘壇和皇穹宇之后，我們就即將走進祈谷壇了，而現(xiàn)在我們腳下連接兩個祭壇的就是丹陛橋，也叫做海墁大道，而它也是皇帝登上祈谷壇的唯一通道，長360米，橋面上分為三條道，中間的是神道，東邊是御道，西邊的就是王道。天壇有非常多的柏樹，而在這許多古柏當中，有一株500余歲的檜柏，就是回音壁西墻外的這棵九龍柏。而三音石則是皇穹宇大殿正前方的三塊石頭，站在第一塊石頭上拍手可以聽到一次回音，第二塊石頭可以聽到兩次，而第三塊就可以聽到三次回音，所以稱為三音石。這組建筑不僅十分精美，而且還有回音壁和三音石，這和剛才我們說的天心石合稱天壇三大聲學現(xiàn)象。殿頂是藍色筒瓦單檐攢尖鎏金寶頂。而皇穹宇三個字也分別代表了至高無上，天，殿宇的意思，更加顯示出它的神圣和至尊?；蜀酚罱ㄓ诿骷尉妇拍?，起初叫做泰神殿，到了十七年，改名為現(xiàn)在的皇穹宇，它的作用就是在平日存放圜丘壇祭祀主神的地方，所以這里也叫圜丘壇寢宮。天心石是天壇三大聲學現(xiàn)象之一。在這個典禮上，皇帝站在臺面中心的天心石上恭讀祝文。禮儀結束以后，要將神位前的貢品分別送到燔柴爐和燎爐焚燒，煙霧騰空，象征著送到天庭。在圜丘前燔柴爐上放一只牛犢，用松枝燔燒，西南的望燈桿望燈高懸，點燃蟠龍通宵寶蠟，臺南廣場上排列著奏樂隊，配合著中和韶樂，在文武百官的陪同下，祭天大典就正式開始了，皇帝由南欞星左門登壇，這時鐘聲停止，到了第二層南側拜位站好后，聽候司贊人報儀程。冬至那天，在日出前七刻，現(xiàn)在的凌晨四點多，奏報時辰，皇帝起駕，齋宮東北角的鐘樓開始鳴鐘。每年的冬至，皇帝就要在這里祭天。這四個字本用來贊美天的本質，也稱為天之“四德”。乾卦》的卦辭“元亨利貞”。而其他的官員只能從右邊最小的門通過。大家可以注意到，欞星門的大小都不一樣，這是因為中門是皇天上帝專用的，所以高大。兩道壇墻的四個正位設欞星門?，F(xiàn)在我們正沿著天壇建筑的中軸線向北行進，將要看到的就是古代皇帝祭天的圜丘壇。今日的天壇是歷史文化名城北京古都風貌的重要組成部分，壇內的祈年殿已經成為古都北京的象征。而在乾隆年間，將大享殿改為現(xiàn)在的祈年殿，而將屋頂瓦片都改成了藍色的琉璃瓦。天壇有外壇墻和內壇墻，北面是圓形，南面是方形，取意天圓地方。明朝永樂皇帝遷都北京以后，在北京南城仿照南京的大祀殿建立了這座用于祭天的圣壇，占地面積達到了273萬平方米。天壇公園是文化遺產、名勝古跡，游玩時請注意愛護文物，不要亂涂亂抹，并注意環(huán)境衛(wèi)生。據說祈年殿是仿照古代明堂設計建造的。第三種是位于外圈與殿身成一體的十二根巨柱，叫“檐柱”，代表一天中的十二個時辰。殿中有28根柱子，分為三種：第一種是最長也是最精美、紅色雕金的四根柱子，位于中央，叫“龍柱”，代表春夏秋冬四個季節(jié)。數(shù)年后按原樣重建，就是我們此刻看到的樣貌。祈年殿建于14，是天壇最早的建筑物，也是北京旅游的標志。天壇是以前皇帝祭天的地方，始建于明朝，是我國被列入《世界遺產名錄》的29處景觀之一。nobody, including the emperor, was allowed to set foot onto emperor used the path on the east ,which is known as the Imperial ministers and princes used the one on the enough ,there is no walkway left for ordinary is because the Temple of Heaven used to be offlimits to to appearances, this walkway is not a bridge at how so ? This road is 4 meters above the ground and there is a cavern underneath that was reserved for sacrificial oxen and cattle were slaughtered at a slaughterhouse about 500 meters away and brought here for in all ,it can be said this walkway did serve as bridge and can be looked upon as the first cloverleaf in back at the thoroughfare, you may realize that this walk is gaining height toward its northern people approach the architectural group of the Hall of Prayer for good Harvest, the flanking groves of cypress recede and perspective you are in Heaven.(CostumeChanging Terrace)the marble terrace up ahead is called jufutai, or CostumeChanging is located to the east of the Red Stairway Bridge and covers a space of 25 square has marble Slab day before the service ,officials in charge would put up a yellow satin tent on the terrace for the emperor to change out of his yellow dragon robe into blue ceremonial the service, the emperor would return to the tentand change back into his imperial robe before returning to the palace.(Proceed to the South Gate of the Hall of Prayer for Good Harvest)(At the Gate of Prayer for Good Harvest)this structure is called the Gate of Pray for Good can catch a slight glimpse of the central building ,the Hall of Prayer for Good harvest, though the colonnade of the gigantic and lofty group of buildings, the plex includes the Gate of Prayer for Good Harvest, the hall of prayer for good harvest, eastern and western annex halls ,the Huanqian(Imperial heaven)Long corridor, Heaven Kitchen, slaughterhouse, annex halls were symmetrically built on a terrace ,to set off the loftiness and magnificence of the main unique building ,38 meters in height, is characterized by a coneshaped structure with triple eaves and a top that is crowned by a gilt roofing is made of blue glazed tiles, the color of the the roof, the beams and bracket are decorated with colored base of the structure is a tripletiered, circular marble a distance, the terrace looks like a gigantic, spiraling cloud with the structure perched on top of the hall of prayer for good harvest is the hallmark of Beijing, which enjoys a prolonged history of civilization.(At the base of the Hall of Prayer for Good Harvest)The base of the hall is a tripletiered, circular marble terrace, which is 90 meters in diameter and 6 meters in height ,covering a space of 4,000 square accuracy was given to the layout of the the middle of each threetiered flight of stairs, there is a giant marble ramp carved in cloud, dragon and phoenix set off the ramps, the top of the balustrades and downpipes are designed with corresponding floral southern part of each tier, a gigantic bronze incense burner is was burnt in them when rites were observed.(In front of the hall of Prayer for good harvest)climbing up this marble terrace, we see the main hall ,a masterpiece of ancient up you will see the caisson, or covered ceiling, characterized by plex designs of dragons and and out , the hall is decorated with colored drawing of dragons and the use of steel ,cement and nail, and even without the use of big beams and crossbeams, the entire structure is supported by 28 massive wooden pillars and number of bars, laths, joints and four central pillars, called the dragonWell Pillars, are meters high and painted with designs of posite followers, representing the four are two rings of 12 scarlet pillars inner ring represents the 12 months and the outer rings the 12 divisions of the day and the two rings there are 24 partitioned spaces to mark the solar terms of the Chinese lunar pillars, 28 in number, also represent the 28 constellations in the universethe ancient Chinese believed that there were 28 constellations that made up the center of the stonepaved floor is a round marble slab, which is centimeters in , the slab features natural black and white veins, corresponding to the dragonphoenix design on the particular slab is known as