【正文】 例如 : Tom isn’t lazy. Tom is doing well in his lessons. she will ask Mr. Wu to give Tom some work. Tom may fall behind the other students. [考例 ] As soon as he es back, I’。 三、從句中的時(shí)態(tài) 在名詞性從句中，要注意從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)一致關(guān)系。在賓語(yǔ)從句及其他所有從句中，均使用陳述語(yǔ)序。 [考例 2] He asked _____ for the violin. （ 1992 全國(guó)） A. did I pay how much B. I paid how much C. how much did I pay D. how much I paid [解析 ]答案為 D。 see 后接 who 引導(dǎo)的應(yīng)是賓語(yǔ)從句，要用陳述句的語(yǔ)序。 Whether she’s ing or not doesn’t matter too much. 她來(lái)與不來(lái)沒(méi)有多大關(guān)系。例如： I wonder who she is. 我想知道她是誰(shuí)。 二、從句中的語(yǔ)序 在名詞性從句中，從句中一律使用陳述句語(yǔ)序。 [考例 2] I think Father would like to know ______ I’ve been up to so far, so I decide to send him a quick note.（ 2020 湖南） A. which B. why C. what D. how [解析 ]答案為 C。本題考查賓語(yǔ)從句連接詞的用法。解題時(shí)應(yīng)先分析名詞性從句意義是否完整，確定使用有意連詞還是無(wú)意連詞，然后再根據(jù)從句所缺含義確定特定連詞。多數(shù)名詞性從句的連詞都有其特定含義，稱(chēng)為有意連詞，例如： what 表 “…… 的內(nèi)容 ”， when表 “……的時(shí)間 ”， where 表 “…… 的地方 ”， why表 “…… 的原因 ”， how 表 “…… 的方式 ”，who 表 “誰(shuí)、哪一個(gè) ”， if /whether 表 “是否 ”。 因這四種從句在句中均具有名詞性特征，因此，統(tǒng)稱(chēng)為名詞性從句。 （三）以 the way為先行詞的定語(yǔ)從句通常由 in which, that 引導(dǎo)，而且通常 可以省略。另外， as 有 “正如 …… ，正像 ……” 的意思 (1) As is known to all, China is a developing country. (2) He is from the south, as we can see from his accent. (3) John, as you know, is a famous writer. (4) He has been to Paris more than several times, which I don’t believe. 注意：當(dāng)主句和從句存在邏輯上的因果關(guān)系時(shí)，常用 which (5) Tom was always late for school, which made his teacher angry. 3. 當(dāng)先行次受 such, the same 修飾時(shí)，常用 as (1) I have never heard such a story as he tells. (2) He is not such a fool as he looks. (3) This is the same book as I lost last week. 注意：當(dāng)先行次由 the same 修飾時(shí)，偶爾也用 that 引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，但是和由 as所引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句意思不同 (4) She wore the same dress that she wore at Mary’s wedding. 她穿著她在 MARY婚禮上穿過(guò)的一條裙子。具體情況是： 1． As 和 which都可以在定語(yǔ)從句中做主語(yǔ)或者賓語(yǔ)，代表前面整個(gè)句子。 We arrived the day that(on which) they left. 剛好我們到的那天他們走了。而且，如果 which在從句中作 “不及物動(dòng)詞＋介詞 ”的介詞的賓語(yǔ)，注意介詞不要丟掉，而且介詞總是放在關(guān)系代詞 which的前邊，但有的則放在它原來(lái)的位置 2. which作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，根據(jù)先行 詞與定語(yǔ)從句之間的語(yǔ)義關(guān)系，先行詞與 which之間的介詞不能丟 3. 代表物時(shí)多用 which，但在帶有下列詞的句子中用 that 而不用 which，這些詞包括 all, anything, much 等，這時(shí)的 that 常被省略 4. who 和 whom引導(dǎo)的從句用來(lái)修飾人，分別作從句中的主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)， whom 作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，要注意它可以作動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)也可以作介詞的賓語(yǔ) 5. where 是關(guān)系副詞，用來(lái)表示地點(diǎn)的定語(yǔ)從句 6. when引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句表示時(shí)間 ［注］值得一提的是，表示時(shí)間 “time一詞的定 語(yǔ)從句只用 when引導(dǎo)，有時(shí)不用任何關(guān)系代詞，當(dāng)然也不用 that 引導(dǎo) By the time you arrive in London, we will have stayed there for two weeks. I still remember the first time I met her. Each time he goes to business trip, he brings a lot of living necessities, such as towers, soap, toothbrush etc. 7. whose 是關(guān)系代詞，修飾名詞作定語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于所修飾成分的前置所有格 8. 當(dāng)從句的邏輯主語(yǔ)是 some, any, no, somebody, anybody, nobody, something, anything, everything 或 nothing時(shí)，常用 there is 來(lái)引導(dǎo) 二、非限定性定語(yǔ)從句：非限定性定語(yǔ)從句的作用是對(duì)所修飾的成分作進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明，通常和主句間用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)，將從句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立 1. which引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語(yǔ)從句來(lái)說(shuō) 明前面整個(gè)句子的情況或主句的某一部分 2. 在引導(dǎo)限定性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)， that 有時(shí)相當(dāng)于 in which, at which, for which 或 at which Attitudes towards daydreaming are changing in much the same way that(in which) attitudes towards night dreaming have changed. 人們對(duì)白日做夢(mèng)的態(tài)度正在改變，這與人們對(duì)夜間做夢(mèng)的看法的變化有非常相似之處。 eg: Careful surveys have indicated that as many as 50 percent of patients do not take drugs as directed. 定語(yǔ)從句 定語(yǔ)從句是由關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的從句，其作用是作定語(yǔ)修飾主句的某個(gè)名次性成分，定語(yǔ)從句分為限定性和非限定性從句兩種。m going to buy it, however much it costs. 8. 比較狀語(yǔ)從句，由 than, the…the…, as…as 引導(dǎo) 。 eg: I39。 2) even if, even though 和 as if, as though 不同。注意對(duì)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句的掌握要注意以下幾點(diǎn)內(nèi)容。 “最終 ”的意思是，該名詞前也可以出現(xiàn)形容詞甚至出現(xiàn)修飾形容詞的副詞，但整個(gè)詞組的中心詞是這個(gè)名詞。 I was advised to arrange for insurance in case I needed medical treatment. 6. 結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句 由 so that, so…that, such…that 等引導(dǎo)。t mind taking the night train. 5. 目的狀語(yǔ)從句， 由 so that, in order that, in case 等引導(dǎo)。 真實(shí)條件句在使用中也有需要注意的事項(xiàng)：從句中 的動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來(lái)時(shí)；用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)代替將來(lái)完成時(shí)。 條件狀語(yǔ)從句分為兩大類(lèi)：真實(shí)條件句和虛擬條件句。） eg: Now that my head had cleared, my brain was also beginning to work much better. 3. 地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句 ，由 where, wherever 引導(dǎo)。 eg: No sooner had we reached the top of the hill than we all sat down to rest. 2. 原因狀語(yǔ)從句 ，由 because, as, since 或復(fù)合連接詞 now that， in that 等 引導(dǎo)。 ) 5) 由 as soon as 引導(dǎo)時(shí)，表示主句動(dòng)作發(fā)生在從句動(dòng)作的一瞬間之后（注意：the moment， the instant， the second， the minute 都可做連詞用，引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，意思是 as soon as。 1. 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句 1) 由 as, while 引導(dǎo)時(shí)，表示主句和從句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，或一個(gè)動(dòng) 作在另一個(gè)動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的過(guò)程中； 2) 由 after, when引導(dǎo)時(shí)，表示主句動(dòng)作在從句動(dòng)作之后； eg: Michael used to look hurt and surprised when scolded. 3) 由 before, when引導(dǎo)時(shí)，表示主句動(dòng)作發(fā)生在從句動(dòng)作之前； eg: I had just started back for the house to change my clothes when I heard voices. 4) 由 whenever, every / each time 引導(dǎo)時(shí)，表示主句動(dòng)作以從句動(dòng)作為條件而發(fā)生； eg: We can leave when you are ready. (你什么時(shí)候準(zhǔn)備好，我們就可以動(dòng)身了。 _______________________________________________________________________________8. 他們正在花園里玩，突然聽(tīng)到一聲尖叫。 _______________________________________________________________________________6. 即使大選失利，總統(tǒng)仍然將控制國(guó)家的對(duì)外政策。 _______________________________________________________________________________4. 他受了處分，因?yàn)樗?破了窗戶的玻璃。 _______________________________________________________________________________2. 我們?cè)谧龀鋈魏蜎Q定之前，應(yīng)該聽(tīng)一聽(tīng)其他人得意見(jiàn)。 had occurred 2. A man cannot smile like a child, _____ a child smiles with his eyes, while a man smiles with his lips alone.（湖南） A. so B. but C. and D. for 3. I had just stepped out of the bathroom and was busily drying myself with a towel ____ I heard the steps.（湖南） A. while B. when C. since D. after 4. With his work pleted, the businessman stepped back to his seat, feeling pleased _____ he was a man of action.（湖南） A. which B. that C. what D. whether 5. The cost of living in Glasgow is among the lowest in Britain, the quality of life is probably one of the highest.（天津） A. since B. when C. as D. while 6. His plan was