【正文】 57 Generic Pull System Improve Coefficient of Variation (CV) ? The CV of the Value Add Times is used to determine how the workload in a process is affected by changes in product mix. ? It is measured as: ? “CV is a reasonable relative measure of the variability in a process.” – Factory Physics, Hopp Spearman MeanStdD evCV ?58 Generic Pull System Improve 變量系數(shù) (CV) ? 增值時間的 CV用來確定過程中的工作量是如何受混型產(chǎn)品變化影響的，按下式計算： ? “CV是過程變異性相對合理的量測方法 .” – Factory Physics, Hopp Spearman MeanStdD evCV ?59 Generic Pull System Improve Example 2: Calculating CV Std. Dev. (s)= Coeff. Var. (CV)= Mean (x)= Formulas: Pa r t N u m b e rT o ta l Pr o c e s s V a l u e A d d T i m ea 1b 1 . 5c 1 . 5d 3e 2f 1g 1h 1 . 5I 2 . 5T O T A L 15n = 9M e a n = 1 . 6 7St d D e v = 0 . 7 1C V = 0 . 4 2nVA ia? ? )()1()( 22??? ?nnxxnxs60 Generic Pull System Improve 舉例 2: 計算 CV Std. Dev. (s)= Coeff. Var. (CV)= Mean (x)= 公式 : 零件 全過程的增值時間a 1b 1 . 5c 1 . 5d 3e 2f 1g 1h 1 . 5I 2 . 5T O T A L 15n = 9M e a n = 1 . 6 7St d D e v = 0 . 7 1C V = 0 . 4 2nVA ia? ? )()1()( 22??? ?nnxxnxs61 Generic Pull System Improve Selecting WIP Control Parameter To t a l P r oc e s s V a l ue Add Ti m e W I P Cont r ol P a r a m e t e rL o w V a r i a b i l i ty : CV =0 .7 5 Q u a n ti ty ( P i e c e s )M e d i u m V a r i a b i l i ty : 0 .7 5 CV =1 .3 3 E q u i v a l e n t Un i ts o r T i m eHi g h V a r i a b i l i ty : CV 1 .3 3 T i m e62 Generic Pull System Improve 選擇 WIP控制參數(shù) 全過程增值時間 W I P 控制參數(shù)低變異 : CV =0 .7 5 數(shù)量 ( 件數(shù) )中變異 : 0 .7 5 CV =1 .3 3 等價單位或時間高變異 : CV 1 .3 3 時間63 Generic Pull System Improve Example 3: Identifying WIP Control Parameter Reference Handouts for analytical detail Low Variability Medium Variability High Variability Mean (x): StdDev (s): CV (s/x): Parameter: Quantity Equiv. Units/Time Time Resizing Frequency: Quarterly Monthly Weekly 64 Generic Pull System Improve 舉例 3: 確定 WIP 控制參數(shù) 詳細分析參考分發(fā)的資料 低變異 中等變異 高變異 Mean (x): StdDev (s): CV (s/x): 參數(shù) : 數(shù)量 等價單位 /時間 時間 調(diào)整規(guī)模大小的頻次 : 每季度 每月 每周 65 Generic Pull System Improve Example 4: Calculating Equivalent Units Highest volume product represents equivalent unit P r o d u c tV A T i m e (H r s / P i e c e )D e m a n d (P i e c e s / W e e k )E q u i v a l e n t U n i tsa 5 6 5 / 1 0 =0 . 5b 10 10 =E q u i v a l e n t 1 0 / 1 0 =1 . 0c 20 2 2 0 / 1 0 =2 . 0d 40 4 4 0 / 1 0 =4 . 0n= 4x= 18. 75s= 15. 48C V = 0. 8366 Generic Pull System Improve 舉例 4: 計算等價單位 最高產(chǎn)量的產(chǎn)品代表等價單位 產(chǎn)品增值時間(小時 /件 )需求(件 /周 )等價單位a 5 6 5 / 1 0 = 0 . 5b 10 10 = 等價數(shù) 1 0 / 1 0 = 1 . 0c 20 2 2 0 / 1 0 = 2 . 0d 40 4 4 0 / 1 0 = 4 . 0n= 4x= 18. 75s= 15. 48C V = 0. 8367 Generic Pull System Improve Performance Measurements of a Generic Pull System ? Pull System effectiveness measurements ? MCT and MCT Variance ? MCE ? Actual vs. Target WIP ? Additional measurements ? WIP Turns ? Backlog by Order, Part and Age ? OnTime Delivery ? Quantity of Daily Completions ? Refer to Dashboard best practice for specifics 68 Generic Pull System Improve 普通拉系統(tǒng)的績效評估 ? 拉系統(tǒng)的效力量測 ? MCT 和 MCT的變化量 ? MCE ? 實際的 WIP vs. 目標的 WIP ? 其他的量測 ? WIP 周轉(zhuǎn)次數(shù) ? 按訂單、零件及期限分類訂貨 ? 準時交貨 ? 日完成數(shù)量 ? 詳細信息查閱最佳實踐的宣傳板 69 Generic Pull System Improve Takeaways ? Understand the importance of Generic Pull ? Able to size (calculate) a Generic Pull System ? How to apply this best practice 70 Generic Pull System Improve 總結(jié) ? 理解普通拉系統(tǒng)的重要性 ? 能夠去計算一個普通拉系統(tǒng)的規(guī)模 ? 如何去應用這一最佳實踐 71 Generic Pull System Measure Analyze Control Improve Lean Six Sigma Antenna Exercise ? Run Exercises 1 4 ? Record Results and Observations ? Discuss Exercises 1 4 Measure Analyze Control Improve Lean Six Sigma 天線練習 ? 練習 1 4 ? 記錄結(jié)果和觀察信息 ? 討論練習 1 4 Improve Learning Objectives ? Demonstrate the fundamental relationship between WIP, Cycle Time, and Throughput ? Demonstrate the WIP impact on a process ? Demonstrate the bottleneck impact on a process ? Record each simulation result/observation and discuss in detail 74 Generic Pull System Improve 課程目的 ? 示范 WIP、 周轉(zhuǎn)時間和生產(chǎn)能力的基本關系原理 ? 示范在流程中 WIP的影響 ? 示范在流程中的瓶頸影響 ? 記錄每個模擬的結(jié)果 /觀察和討論細節(jié) 75 Generic Pull System Improve What’s in It for Me? ? Visually see the impact of barriers (WIP and Bottleneck) on a process ? How to calculate cycle time in this exercise and other applications 76 Generic Pull System Improve 我學到了什么 ? ? 真實的看到在流程中瓶頸的影響（ WIP和瓶頸） ? 如何去計算在這個練習和其他應用中的周轉(zhuǎn)時間 77 Generic Pull System Improve Team Exercise: Antenna Factory Exercise 1 ? Start with empty line (WIP = 0) ? Build one antenna ? Record results Exercise 2 ? Start with