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第五章高分子材料混合與設(shè)備(參考版)

2025-01-19 23:57本頁面
  

【正文】 ? 鏈終止 ROOH → 分解成穩(wěn)定的 較小分子 靜電的作用 高分子材料成型加工 ( 2)化學(xué)塑煉機(jī)理: ?自由基接受型 ?引發(fā)型 ?混合型或鏈轉(zhuǎn)移型 3 塑煉工藝: ?開煉機(jī)塑煉 ?密煉機(jī)塑煉 ?螺桿塑煉機(jī)塑煉 高分子材料成型加工 二 . 膠料的混煉 : ? ( 1)配合劑的性質(zhì) ? ( 2)結(jié)合橡膠的生成與作用 ? ( 3)混煉膠的結(jié)構(gòu) 高分子材料成型加工 ——以開煉機(jī)混煉為例 過程:包輥、吃粉、翻搗 輥筒轉(zhuǎn)速的影響 堆積膠 配合劑的加料順序 ?生膠 → 固體軟化劑 → 促進(jìn)劑、活性劑、防老劑 → 補(bǔ)強(qiáng)劑、填充劑 → 液體軟化劑 → 硫磺及超級(jí)促進(jìn)劑 高分子材料成型加工 ( 2)密煉機(jī)混煉 : :濕潤 ―― 分散 ―― 捏煉 :裝膠量,加料順序,混煉溫度,上頂拴壓力,轉(zhuǎn)子速度。? 橡膠分子氫過氧化物 ROOH → 分解成穩(wěn)定的較小分子 ● 高分子材料成型加工 ?高溫下,自動(dòng)催化氧化作用 鏈引發(fā) RH+O2 → R? + HOO? 鏈增長 R?+O2 →ROO? ROO?+R39。 高分子材料成型加工 機(jī)械塑煉機(jī)理: 機(jī)械力作用 ―― 低溫下,大分子鏈斷裂,相對(duì)分子量降低,相對(duì)分子量分布變窄 高分子材料成型加工 不同溫度下氧的作用: ● 低溫下,雙重作用 —— 與大分子發(fā)生氧化反應(yīng),使大分子氧化裂解,同時(shí)穩(wěn)定活性自由基 RR→2R? R?+ R? → R R R?+O2 →ROO? ROO?+R39。 高分子材料成型加工 高分子材料成型加工 第三節(jié) 橡膠的塑煉與混煉 一 . 生膠的塑煉 主要是為了獲得適合各種加工工藝要求的可塑性。 嚙合異向旋轉(zhuǎn)雙螺桿擠出機(jī) 可分為 嚙合同向旋轉(zhuǎn)雙螺桿擠出機(jī) 非嚙合型雙螺桿擠出機(jī) 高分子材料成型加工 Continuous Mixing Devices Dispersive mixing is more difficult, as it requires that high shear stresses be generated. There are numerous designs for mixing sections, which can improve dispersive mixing (Maddock or Union Carbide mixing section, Egan section). These devices force the melt to flow over barriers, which form narrow clearances between the screw and the barrel, thus improving dispersive mixing. 高分子材料成型加工 Continuous Mixing Devices Twin Screw Extruders: TSE’s have two screws within the barrel, and can be corotating or counterrotating, intermeshing or nonintermeshing. They are favoured for ? Mixing and pounding ? Chemical reactions / reactive extrusion ? Devolatilization 高分子材料成型加工 Continuous Mixing Devices 高分子材料成型加工 Continuous Mixing Devices Twinscrew extruders use modular screws that are assembled from screw segments fitted onto a mon shaft軸 , 桿狀物 . Conveying segments can provide pumping, mixing and devolatilization, while nonconveying elements such as discs and rotors are designed for kneading and mixing. Thus, screws are easily optimized for a wide range of applications, making twinscrew extruders extremely versatile. 高分子材料成型加工 Continuous Mixing Devices Specialized Compounding Devices: A Cokneader is a singlescrew extruder with a slotted, screw that oscillates along the axis of polymer flow. ? The screw flights are interrupted by a channel, which during screw reciprocation互換 , move through pins 穿銷 fixed along the barrel wall. 高分子材料成型加工 是生產(chǎn)透明 PVC片材的理想混煉設(shè)備,具有嚙合次數(shù)高、熱交換面積大、停留時(shí)間短、自潔性好、塑化效率高的特點(diǎn)。 主要用于填充改性、纖維增強(qiáng)改性、共混改性、反應(yīng)擠出、 PVC型材擠出。 高分子材料成型加工 擠出機(jī) 特點(diǎn):擠出機(jī)對(duì)流作用小,物料需進(jìn)行初混合;生產(chǎn)為連續(xù)操作,效率高;可直接用于造粒。 主要用于擠出造粒,成型板、管、絲、膜、中空制品和異型材。 高分子材料成型加工 高分子材料成型加工 A tworoll mill consists of a parallel pair of counterrotating, heated metal rolls that turn at a sl
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