【正文】
a.Three years later the man was released from prison.b.Her husband absolved her from a promise.c.They may be excused from plying with this regulation.d.This money will free me from my debts.e.How can you dispense him from duty?clear后可接of亦可接from,均表示“清除”之意,但from之后多指“阻礙物、污物、廢物”之類,而of后多表示“人物、罪、疑惑、污名”之類。a.A child will not cease(from)crying till it has ceased to wonder.b.They ceased making bicycle.c.She ceased to cry.④表示“禁止、戒除”,常構(gòu)成如下短語(yǔ):abstain from(禁止、戒除),restrain from(阻止、抑制),refrain from(抑制、制止),keep from(抑制、阻止),be prohibited from(禁止、不準(zhǔn))。de sist from gossiping(停止說(shuō)閑話),desist from an attempt(停止計(jì)劃),rest from one39。③from引申為“停止、中止”之意,常構(gòu)成如下成語(yǔ):rest from (停止、休息),cease from(中止),desist from(停止)。b.It will soon disappear from sight.很快就不見了。a.I was very sorry to part from him.b.He has removed from town into the country.下列所表示的意思皆含有分離、離別的意味,是表示特殊的分離:rise from table(離席),fall from the roof(墜自屋頂),alight from a carriage(下馬車),dismount from a horse(下馬),withdraw from a society(退會(huì)),secede from a party(脫黨),move/remove from one place to another(自一處遷徙至他處),retire from active life(退隱),err/ stray/wander from the path of duty(偏離正道),deviate from a course (離開正路),depart from a rule(違背原則),digress from(離開主題)。s shoulder(自某人肩膀移開),remove a boy from school(使一男孩休學(xué)),separate the good one39?,F(xiàn)代英語(yǔ)中consider 之后的as,pass for之后的as常省略:I considered him(as)arascal.13.動(dòng)詞和表示分離的介詞連用(1)from①表示“純粹的分離”,作“分開”之意,常構(gòu)成如下成語(yǔ):separate from(與…分開),part from(分離),depart from(離開),estrange from (疏遠(yuǎn)),keep/stand aloof from(離開、超然于…之外),remove from (由…移居、遠(yuǎn)離、疏遠(yuǎn)、開除),dismiss from(開除),absent from (缺席),keep away from(遠(yuǎn)離),sever from(切開),flee from(逃跑),remove one39。t treat me as a child.b.Many students acted as guides to the visitors.c.She acted as spokeman.d.His father passes for(as)an expert.①使用act as時(shí),其后所接名詞為單數(shù)時(shí)不須接冠詞,因?yàn)樵诖嗽撁~作“個(gè)人”之意較少,而應(yīng)視為“資格”。a.You will have to answer for your impoliteness.b.You are accountable to him for money.c.He is responsible to me for it.d.Parents are liable for the faults of their children.(2)as表示“代替、充當(dāng)”之意,常構(gòu)成下列成語(yǔ):serve as(充當(dāng)),use as(用作),treat sb.a(chǎn)s(把某人當(dāng)作…看待),consider…as(認(rèn)為…是、當(dāng)作),act as(充當(dāng)),look upon as(認(rèn)為、視為),regard… as(認(rèn)為),think of…as(認(rèn)為),refer to…as(認(rèn)為),reckon…as (認(rèn)為),recognize…as(認(rèn)為),treat…as(認(rèn)為),acknowledge…as (認(rèn)為),pass for as(被認(rèn)為)。s crime(負(fù)罪責(zé)),suffer for one39。a.You must repay for his kindness.b.I thanked him for the gift.c.I shall reward him for his services.d.We praised the student for his courage.⑥表示“負(fù)責(zé)”之意,常構(gòu)成如下成語(yǔ):answer for(負(fù)…之責(zé)),suffer for(對(duì)…負(fù)責(zé)),be answerable for(對(duì)…負(fù)責(zé)),be responsible for(對(duì)…負(fù)責(zé)),be accountable for(對(duì)…負(fù)責(zé)),be liable for(對(duì)…負(fù)責(zé)),answer for one39。a.You must pensate me for loss.b.I must apologize for my lateness.c.Pardon me for being so rude.d.Excuse me for being late.e.How can I atone for hurting your feelings?⑤表示“獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)、酬謝”之意,常和下列動(dòng)詞搭配:reward(報(bào)答),repay(報(bào)答),pay(償付),repense(酬謝),thank(道謝),praise(贊揚(yáng))。a.They chose him for their chief.b.They were sold for slaves.c.The building will serve for the office of the pany.d.We took it for a fact.e.I took it for granted that you would consent.(take sth.for granted 信以為真、想當(dāng)然)f.He passes for a great scholar wherever he goes.(pass for為主動(dòng)形式,表示被動(dòng)意義,有時(shí)for可以省略)④表示“補(bǔ)償、贖罪、道歉、寬恕”之意,常和下列動(dòng)詞連用:pensate(賠償),pardon(寬?。?,atone(贖罪),redeem(贖回、彌補(bǔ)),excuse(原諒),forgive(原諒),repense(補(bǔ)償),apologize (道歉),answer(對(duì)…負(fù)責(zé)),make up for a loss(賠償損失),apologize for a fault(因錯(cuò)誤而道歉),make a mends for a crime(贖罪),answer for one39。t translate word for word.d.She exchanged honour for wealth.②表示“代替、代用”,常構(gòu)成如下成語(yǔ):serve for(代替),stand for(代替、代換);for亦可表示“代表、代理”,構(gòu)成如下成語(yǔ):stand for(代表),act for(代理)。t build on/upon his promise.12.動(dòng)詞和表示交換和代替的介詞連用(1)for①表示“純粹的交換、以物易物”,此時(shí),for常和change,exchang e,substitute,trade,barter(交換)等動(dòng)詞連用:return good for evil (以德報(bào)怨),give tit for tit(一報(bào)還一報(bào)),receive measure for measure (受到報(bào)應(yīng))。a.The peasant lives on rice.b.Cows feed on grass.c.They are feasting on wine and meat.d.They dined on meat.e.We sup on bread and cheese.f.We live on our salary.(4)表示“信賴、擔(dān)保”,on常構(gòu)成如下成語(yǔ):calculate on(指望、靠得?。琤uild on(依賴、信賴),count on(信賴),rely on(信賴),bank on(信賴)。a.That depends on circumstances.b.Don39。s hind legs(舉起前腿豎立)。s side(橫臥),stand on one39。s face(臉朝下倒下),sink/fall on one39。s back/belly(仰臥、俯臥),stand/ keep on one39。lean on/upon(憑倚),rest on(為…所支持)。(1)表示“支持、支撐”之意。a.He sat there meditating on/upon his misfortunes.b.Old people sometimes dwell on the past.c.People speculate on the issue of the battle.(4)Inin表示“在…方面”,大多指“心態(tài)上、志趣上”傾向于某一方面,一般作“專心于、迷戀于、愛好于”解,常構(gòu)成如下成語(yǔ):delight in(以…為樂(lè)、喜歡于…),rejoice in(喜樂(lè)于…),revel in(喜歡于…),take delight in(喜好…),be interested in(對(duì)…有興趣),take an interest in(愛好…),have experience in(有…經(jīng)驗(yàn)),be absorbed in (專心于),zeal in(熱心于),be indulged in(耽溺于),be engaged in (從事于),have confidence in(對(duì)…有信心),love in(愛好),take pride in(以…自豪),be lost in(沉醉于),indulge oneself in(沉迷于),be zealous in(熱心于),be extravagant in(沉醉于),be immersed in(沉迷于)。I condoled with him on his loss.⑥pride(自傲),pride后常接反身代詞。congratulate只能以被祝賀的人作賓語(yǔ),然后在on或upon之后接祝賀的原因,不能以祝賀的原因作賓語(yǔ)。a.He has decided on a different plan.b.He determined on going.④debate(辯論),deliberate(檢討、考慮),discuss(考慮)。a.Dr.Lee lectures on the atomic bomb.b.Professor Chang writes on the subject of marriage.c.I need not enlarge on/upon this matter.You all know my views.②ment(批評(píng)),animadvert(批評(píng)),remark(評(píng)論)。(僅指他回來(lái)這件事)I have heard about his dos.我聽說(shuō)過(guò)他所做的事。(意指對(duì)那事一點(diǎn)也沒(méi)有聽到)I heard nothing about that.我沒(méi)有聽到那件事的內(nèi)情。a.I can not agree with you about that matter.b.We could not agree about the terms.a(chǎn)bout與of在意義上有如上述的不同,一些動(dòng)詞如tell,talk,speak,hear,know,think,write,read等其后接about與of的含義稍有不同,應(yīng)予重視。quarrel接物時(shí)也可用over。a.They will always remind me of the kind giver.b.He assured me of his readiness to help.c.They warned him of his danger.d.I have persuaded him of its truth.e.Have you satisfied yourself of the truth of the report?該句型還可表示“指控、控告某人某罪”,常見的動(dòng)詞有:accuse (指控),convict(宣告),suspect(猜疑)。在動(dòng)詞tell,hear后接news,story,report等時(shí),不加of,如果接man,event,matter等時(shí),須加of。(親自地、直接)I know of him.我知道他。t despair of his succe