中級宏觀經(jīng)濟學上海財經(jīng)大學經(jīng)濟學院沈凌09rbc4(49)(參考版)
2024-08-03 03:43本頁面
【正文】 Labor force κ ? δ(κ) ? Rate of return on bonds = rate of return on ownership of capital ? Increase in the technology level, A, raises the rate of return from owning capital, the interest rate, i, increases. The interest rate is still procyclical in the model. Macroeconomics Chapter 9 19 Capital Input ? The Cyclical Behavior of Capacity Utilization ? The Federal Reserve putes capacity utilization by expressing a sector’s output of goods as a percentage of the estimated “normal capacity” of each sector to produce goods Macroeconomics Chapter 9 20 Capital Input Macroeconomics Chapter 9 21 The Labor Force, Employment, and Unemployment ? Empirical Patterns ? Unemployment ? Job vacancies Macroeconomics Chapter 9 22 The Labor Force, Employment, and Unemployment ? Basic Concepts ? u = number unemployed/labor force = ( labor force? number employed) /labor force = 1 ? (number employed/labor force) = 1 ? employment rate ? employment rate= 1 ? u Macroeconomics Chapter 9 23 The Labor Force, Employment, and Unemployment ? Employment =（ 1 ? u） κ?δ(κ) The solution is κ = κ? Macroeconomics Chapter 9 12 Capital Input Macroeconomics Chapter 9 13 Capital Input ? Thus, an increase in the real rental price raises the capital utilization rate。κ ? δ(κ)] ? Rate of return from owning capital = (R/P) K = K(κK)d Macroeconomics Chapter 9 5 Capital Input Macroeconomics Chapter 9 6 Capital Input ? The Demand for Capital Services ? Assume that the technology level rises from A to A’. This change raises the MPK at a given quantity. Macroeconomics Chapter 9 7 Capital Input Macroeconomics Chapter 9 8 Capital Input ? The Supply of Capital Services ? For a given stock of capital, K, owners can supply more or less capital services per year by varying κ. ? One reason to set the utilization rate, κ, below its maximum is that increases in κ tend to raise the depreciation rate, δ. ? δ = δ(κ) ? Other reasons include utility cost of capital. Macroeconomics Chapter 9 9 Capital Input ? The Supply of Capital Services ? Net real ine f
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