【正文】 s increasing interest in languages like C and BASIC。 Programmable controls are being used for more and more sophisticated operations, languages other than ladder logic bee more practical, efficient, and powerful. For example, it39。 general manager, Siemens Energy amp。 it is unnecessary to make distinction between RAM and processor register as is done in the case of a microprocessor system since RAM and registers are not usually physically separated in a microputer.Central processing unit (CPU)The CPU is much like that of any microprocessor. Many applications of microputers and microcontrollers involve the handling of binarycoded decimal (BCD) data (for numerical displays, for example) ,hence it is mon to find that the CPU is well adapted to handling this type of data .It is also mon to find good facilities for testing, setting and resetting individual bits of memory or I/O since many controller applications involve the turning on and off of single output lines or the reading the single line. These lines are readily interfaced to twostate devices such as switches, thermostats, solidstate relays, valves, motor, etc.Parallel input/outputParallel input and output schemes vary somewhat in different microputer。piggyback39。C unless otherwise specified)附錄四 設計成果外文資料翻譯The singlechip microputer is the culmination of both the development of the digital puter and the integrated circuit arguably the two most significant inventions of the 20th century.Some employ the split program/data memory of the Harvard architecture, shown in , others follow the philosophy, widely adapted for generalpurpose puters and microprocessors, of making no logical distinction between program and data memory as in the Princeton architecture, shown in . In general terms a singlechip microputer is characterized by the incorporation of all the units of a puter into a single device, as shown in Fig35A3. These two types of architecture are found in singlechip microputer. Fig. A1 A Harvard type Fig. A2 A conventional Princeton puterRead only memory (ROM)ROM is usually for the permanent, nonvolatile storage of an applications program .Many microputers and microcontrollers are intended for highvolume applications and hence the economical manufacture of the devices requires that the contents of the program memory be mitted permanently during the manufacture of chips. Clearly, this implies a rigorous approach to ROM code development since changes cannot be made after manufacture .This development process may involve emulation using a sophisticated development system with a hardware emulation capability as well as the use of powerful software tools.Some manufacturers provide additional ROM options by including in their range devices with (or intended for use with) user programmable memory. The simplest of these is usually device which can operate in a microprocessor mode by using some of the input/output lines as an address and data bus for accessing external memory. This type of device can behave functionally as the single chip microputer from which it is derived albeit with restricted I/O and a modified external circuit. The use of these ROM less devices is mon even in production circuits where the volume does not justify the development costs of custom onchip ROM。C to +150186。}}附錄四 B772參數(shù)表1 ParameterSymbolTest coditionsMINMAXUNITCollectorbase breakdown voltageV(BR)cboIc=100μA,Ie=040VCollectoremitter breakdown voltageV(BR)ceoIc=10mA,Ib=030VEmitterbase breakdown voltageV(BR)eboIe=100μA,Ic=05VCollector cutoff currentIcboVcb=40V,Ie=01μACollector cutoff currentIceoVce=30V,Ib=01μAEmitter cutoff currentIeboVcb=6V,Ic=01μADC current gainHfe(1)Vce=2V,Ic=1A60400Hfe(2)Vce=2V,Ic=100mA32Collectemitter saturation voltageVcesatIc=2A,Ib=VBaseemitter saturation voltageVbesatIc=2A,Ib=2VTransition frequencyFrVce=5V,Ic=F=10MHZ50MHZ表2 Power dissipationPcm：（Tamb=25186。}//如果時間到3600*5ms=18sif(j310){j=0。//取出的數(shù)據(jù)到輸出口if(S3600) {S=0。}}void display3(){P2=~ASCIIDOC3[2*j]。if(j266){j=0。//取出的數(shù)據(jù)到輸出口P3=~ASCIIDOC2[2*j+1]。 ET0=0。//取出的數(shù)據(jù)到輸出口if(S1200) BZ=1。 }} /*子函數(shù)*/void display1(){P1=~ASCIIDOC1[2*j]。 if (BZ==1) display2()。BZ=0。EA=1。IT2=1。TR1=1。TH1=0。TR0=1。TH0=0。//將5ms定為一基本時間段S++。 //初值，顯示一排LED的時間}/* 定時器1計數(shù)時間*/void timer1() interrupt 3{TH1=5000/256。TL0=(Rt%256)。ET0=1。 P2=0xff。 P0=0xff。 /*外部中斷2服務處理程序*/void int2() interrupt 6 {TH0=137/256。/*這是一個基于51單片機旋轉LED顯示屏*/uchar code ASCIIDOC2[]={0x02,0x01,0x42,0x02,0x22,0x04,0x33,0xf8,………………}。sbit IT2=XICON^0。sbit EX2=XICON^2。//位定義sfr XICON=0xc0。sfr P4=0xe8。void display2()。//顯示狀態(tài)用標志uint Rt。//顯示定位，i：字符，j：字符其中的一列uint S。 2*102個電機固定螺絲216。 16*71個直流電機5V1個紅外發(fā)射管248。 *52RS232串口下載線4線一條底座部分初級線圈248。 6* 248。 * 248。真的不勝感激他們。他們在我畢業(yè)設計中給了許多幫助和建議性指導，讓我能夠順利解決此次畢設中軟硬件調(diào)試過程的麻煩和問題。困難面前，秦老師給我了許多鼓勵，讓我信心十足的完成硬件焊接，并且順利的完成論文的撰寫。在百忙之中，她為我的畢業(yè)設計和論文的完成中費心費力，她干練敏捷的工作方式、嚴謹?shù)闹螌W態(tài)度以及平易近人的性格，使我很是受益和敬佩。該設計中還可以借助鎖存器提高I/O口利用率，控制更多的LED燈數(shù)量，從而增加顯示效果豐富性；所用的LED燈還可以采用三色（RGB）LED燈，來增加顯示的炫麗多彩的效果；這種顯示形式可以嘗試著應用于戶外旋轉性設施上，作為一種城市夜晚景觀。目前，此課題成果顯示和功能實現(xiàn)上，還存在諸如所編程序的不夠精簡高效，不能展現(xiàn)出豐富多樣的顯示效果，不能顯示完全過多內(nèi)容，有噪聲的不足之處。此次畢業(yè)設計在參考前期的參考類似設計后，了解其課題的基本原理后，擬定整體設計方案，并對各個模塊的多種實現(xiàn)方式對比選擇，通過軟硬件的實際效果驗證，證明此次設計和方案的可行性。如圖52所示圖43 加裝磁導體的次級線圈51 結　論此次設計并不是一項創(chuàng)新性課題。 次級線圈電壓電流要想增加次級線圈的電壓與電流，就需要提高次級線圈的磁通量，可以增加次級線圈匝數(shù)，增加磁芯。變壓器是利用互感原理工作的最典型的電氣元件[16]。這在電磁學中稱為互感效應。圖42 電機負極接線前后對比 線圈耦合載流線圈與其他線圈之間通過磁場相互聯(lián)系的物理現(xiàn)象稱為磁耦合。 轉速改善這里是增加轉速，措施是將電機原來的負極從PNP三極管B772的發(fā)射極直接接地，減少電機電路后續(xù)串聯(lián)電路阻抗的分壓。難點在于如何是顯示同轉速更加順暢協(xié)調(diào)，實現(xiàn)程序和代碼高效率的顯示。 程序編寫設計依照軟件整體設計方案，進行程序多樣化的編寫。這就增加了程序的復雜性，