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and Harkleroad, ., “Estimating Room Temperatures and the Likelihood of Flashover Using Fire Test Data Correlations”, Fire Technology, , .9 Friedman, R., “Quantification of Threat From a Rapidly Growing Fire in Terms Of Relative Material Properties”, Fire and Materials, , , .10 ISO TC92/SC4:ISO/WD 16733 Fire Safety EngineeringSelection of design fire scenarios and design fires. 10 / 10。參考文獻(xiàn)1 NIST網(wǎng)站: .2 Edward , Harold , David ., “Simplified Fire Growth Calculations”, Fire Protection Handbook, 18th Edition, National Fire Protection Association, Batterymarch Park, Quincy, MA, 1997.3 “Fire Engineering Guidelines” First EditionMarch 1996, Fire Code Reform Center Limited.5 NFPA 204 Standard for Smoke and Heat Venting 2002 Edition.6 BS DD240: 1997, Fire Safety Engineering in Buildings.7 Scot Deal., “Technical Reference Guide for FPEtool Version ”, Building and Fire Research Laboratory, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899.8 McCaffrey, .。在今后的研究工作中,一方面需要廣泛進(jìn)行各類場(chǎng)所內(nèi)各種典型火災(zāi)場(chǎng)景的火災(zāi)實(shí)驗(yàn),豐富補(bǔ)充目前的火災(zāi)實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù),從而為推廣與完善性能化消防設(shè)計(jì)提供完備的數(shù)據(jù)基礎(chǔ)。火災(zāi)的熱釋放速率是發(fā)展火災(zāi)過程中的最為重要的參數(shù),在運(yùn)用火災(zāi)模型進(jìn)行計(jì)算時(shí),確定正確合理的火災(zāi)熱釋放速率曲線至關(guān)重要。本文還介紹了另外一種確定熱釋放速率曲線的方法,即在確定了火災(zāi)引燃源之后,通過計(jì)算火災(zāi)的蔓延情況來(lái)得到火災(zāi)的熱釋放速率曲線,并舉了一個(gè)計(jì)算實(shí)例。熱釋放速率曲線可直接通過火災(zāi)實(shí)驗(yàn)獲得,但由于實(shí)尺寸火災(zāi)實(shí)驗(yàn)的費(fèi)用較大,此類可用的實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)較少,而較多的是中型火災(zāi)實(shí)驗(yàn)與實(shí)驗(yàn)室規(guī)模的火災(zāi)實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)。4 結(jié)束語(yǔ)在運(yùn)用火災(zāi)模擬模型進(jìn)行性能化消防設(shè)計(jì)與評(píng)估時(shí),需要輸入火災(zāi)的熱釋放速率曲線。自動(dòng)噴水滅火系統(tǒng)的動(dòng)作時(shí)間可運(yùn)用美國(guó)國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)及技術(shù)研究院(NIST)開發(fā)的軟件工具包FPETool中的DETECTQS工具計(jì)算[7]。但在消防安全工程學(xué)中,為安全起見,通常保守地假定滅火系統(tǒng)動(dòng)作后熱釋放速率不再增長(zhǎng),并且繼續(xù)維持在這一水平(見圖12中曲線Ⅱ)?;馂?zāi)的最大熱釋放速率可由公式(5)計(jì)算[6]:……………………………………………………………………..(5)其中:Qmax-最大熱釋放速率,kW;q-單位面積的熱釋放速率,又稱熱釋放速率密度,kW/m2;Ac-可