【正文】 the marked terminals have the same polarity. Thus when a load is connected to the secondary, the instantaneous load current is in the direction s。 that is, it has no losses. ThusPm = PoutorVpIp primary PF = VsIs secondary PFwhere PF is the power factor. For the abovestated assumption it means that the power factor on primary and secondary sides are equal。 thus the induced quantities Ep and Es vary as a sine function. The average value of the induced voltage given byEavg = turnswhich is Faraday’s law applied to a finite time interval. It follows thatEavg = N = 4fNφmwhich N is the number of turns on the winding. Form ac circuit theory, the effective or rootmeansquare (rms) voltage for a sine wave is times the average voltage。, therefore, they are 180186。 in phase behind the primary voltage VP. It is this ponent that sets up the flux in the core。 and (2) it provides a ponent to account for the hysteresis and eddy current losses in the core. There bined losses are normally referred to as the core losses.The noload current Iθ is usually few percent of the rated fullload current of the transformer (about 2 to 5%). Since at noload the primary winding acts as a large reactance due to the iron core, the noload current will lag the primary voltage by nearly 90186。參考文獻(xiàn)1 . 水利電力出版社, 19832 . 上海人民出版社, 19933 , 20044 . 遼寧科學(xué)技術(shù)出版社, 19935 （上、下冊）.中國水利電力出版社, 19996 . 中國電力出版社, 20037 . 中國電力出版社, 20028 賀家李，. 中國電力出版社, 20039 何仰贊,溫增銀 .電力系統(tǒng)分析. 華中科技大學(xué)出版社, 200110 （上、下冊）. 中國電力出版社, 1989 11 . 中國電力出版社, 199912 , 199713 何仰贊,（上冊）．華中科技大學(xué)出版社, 200114 . 中國電力出版社, 199915 , 199416 鄭 . 北京兵器工業(yè)出版社, 199417 and Regression Analysis，wiley，New Yoek，2nd .18 and base model for distribution 19 　Facilities, 198220 ,Understanding Power Quality Problems:Voltage Sags and21 ,NJ:IEEE Press, 1999.22 ,and ,Electrical Power Systems23 Quality. New York:McGrawHill, 199624 :VoltageSagsand25 ,NJ:IEEE Press, 1990附錄A設(shè)備清單序號(hào)名稱型號(hào)數(shù)量（臺(tái)）1主變壓器SF912500/602260kV側(cè)隔離開關(guān)GW560G/60010360kV側(cè)斷路器SW263/16003460kV側(cè)電壓互感器JCC5606560kV側(cè)電流互感器LCWD6018660kV側(cè)避雷器FZ606710kV側(cè)接地開關(guān)JN41012810kV側(cè)高壓熔斷器RN2104910kV側(cè)進(jìn)線斷路器ZN2810Ⅱ21010kV側(cè)出線斷路器ZN10Ⅰ151110kV側(cè)電壓互感器JSJB1021210kV側(cè)進(jìn)線電流互感器LAJ1061310kV側(cè)出線電流互感器LFZ110321410kV側(cè)避雷器FZ10421510kV側(cè)匯流母線LMY638216補(bǔ)償電容器BWF11/2001W2417高壓開關(guān)柜KYN3102318所用變SL710/30kVA2附錄B：外文資料翻譯1原文TRANSFORMER1. INTRODUCTIONThe highvoltage transmission was need for the case electrical power is to be provided at considerable distance from a generating station. At some point this high voltage must be reduced, because ultimately is must supply a load. The transformer makes it possible for various parts of a power system to operate at different voltage levels. In this paper we discuss power transformer principles and applications.2. TWOWINDING TRANSFORMERSA transformer in its simplest form consists of two stationary coils coupled by a mutual magnetic flux. The coils are said to be mutually coupled because they link a mon flux.In power applications, laminated steel core transformers (to which this paper is restricted) are used. Transformers are efficient because the rotational losses normally associated with rotating machine are absent, so relatively little power is lost when transforming power from one voltage level to another. Typical efficiencies are in the range 92 to 99%, the higher values applying to the larger power transformers.The current flowing in the coil connected to the ac source is called the primary winding or simply the primary. It sets up the flux φ in the core, which varies periodically both in magnitude and direction. The flux links the second coil, called the secondary winding or simply secondary. The flux is changing。光陰似箭，四年的大學(xué)生活即將結(jié)束了，在這里向這些年來培養(yǎng)我、教育我的各位老師致以深深的謝意。其次還要感謝牡丹江電力設(shè)計(jì)院的各位領(lǐng)導(dǎo)和各位同事，他們也在設(shè)計(jì)過程中給我很大的幫助。此次設(shè)計(jì)能夠完成，首先我要感謝的是我的指導(dǎo)老師朱東柏老師。這次設(shè)計(jì)是大學(xué)期間的最后一次學(xué)習(xí)，也是大學(xué)入學(xué)以來最系統(tǒng)的一次對所學(xué)知識(shí)的理解和掌握，對所學(xué)的專業(yè)知識(shí)加深理解，在知識(shí)的實(shí)際應(yīng)用上更加靈活，知識(shí)系統(tǒng)梳理的更加精致飽滿，對變電所的設(shè)計(jì)知識(shí)有了更深刻的理解。首先設(shè)計(jì)開始是熟悉變電所的原始資料，并進(jìn)行分析，查閱各種相關(guān)資料。通過本次設(shè)計(jì)，從中得到了很大的收獲?！敖Y(jié)論”以前的所有正文內(nèi)容都要編寫在此行之前。在短路電流作用下單位長度母線所受的最大相間應(yīng)力為：母線所受最大彎矩為：由于母線采用水平放置，其截面系數(shù)為：母線最大相間計(jì)算應(yīng)力為：查《電力工程電氣設(shè)備手冊》332頁，表81得硬鋁母線的允許應(yīng)力為所以動(dòng)穩(wěn)定校驗(yàn)合格。母線固有頻率為：由《電力工程電氣設(shè)計(jì)手冊》342頁查得“對于有引下線的單條母線其共振頻率范圍為35~155Hz”。由《電力工程電氣設(shè)計(jì)手冊》332頁，表81查得鋁導(dǎo)體的最大允許應(yīng)力為，密度為。本設(shè)計(jì)中所選矩形母線為三相水平布置且平放，故W=bh2/6(mm2)只要母線滿足動(dòng)穩(wěn)定的條件: 即可認(rèn)為母線動(dòng)穩(wěn)定滿足校驗(yàn)。其中母線固有頻率f1可根據(jù)《供用電工程》P276頁，公式951求出，即： （723）式中 f母線固有頻率（HZ）；頻率系數(shù)；E導(dǎo)體材料的彈性模量（pa）；L跨距（m）；導(dǎo)體斷面二次矩（m4）；m導(dǎo)體單位長度的質(zhì)量（kg/m）。若在上述范圍之內(nèi)，在計(jì)算時(shí)，應(yīng)考慮動(dòng)態(tài)應(yīng)力系數(shù)β。根據(jù)《電力工程電氣設(shè)計(jì)手冊》P342頁中規(guī)定“對于單條母線和母線和母線組中的各單第母線其共振頻率范圍為35～135HZ；對于多條母線組及引下線的單條母線其共振頻率范圍為35～155HZ；槽形和管形母線其共振頻率范圍為30～160HZ。 單位長度母線上所受相間電動(dòng)應(yīng)力（N/m）；其可由下式求出： （722）式中 三相短路沖擊電流（A）；相間距離；動(dòng)態(tài)應(yīng)力系數(shù)。按照母線在支持絕緣子上固定的形式，當(dāng)跨數(shù)為2時(shí)，在電動(dòng)力的作用下，母線所受的最大彎矩為： （721）式中 L支持絕緣子間的跨距（m）。只要所選硬鋁63。查《電力工程電氣設(shè)計(jì)手冊》340頁，表812，得集膚效應(yīng)系數(shù) 正常運(yùn)行時(shí)導(dǎo)體的最高溫度為：查《電力工程電氣設(shè)計(jì)手冊》337頁，表89得式中 C熱穩(wěn)定系數(shù)K集膚效應(yīng)系數(shù)，由《電力工程電氣設(shè)計(jì)手冊》查得K=；短路電流（kA）；短路等值時(shí)間（S）。經(jīng)過計(jì)算，母線初選為63，平放。對于60KV側(cè)橋回路連線的選擇，根據(jù)《供用電工程》P283的規(guī)定說明“除配電裝置的匯流母線及較短導(dǎo)體（20m以下）按最大長期工作電流選擇截面外，其余導(dǎo)體的截面一般按經(jīng)濟(jì)電流密度選擇。三相水平布置導(dǎo)體豎放與三相水平布置導(dǎo)體平放相比，前者散熱較好，載流量大，但機(jī)械強(qiáng)度低，而后者情況正好相反。根據(jù)《導(dǎo)體和電器選擇設(shè)計(jì)技術(shù)規(guī)定》：20KV及以下回路的正常工作電流在4000A及以下時(shí)，宜選用矩形硬導(dǎo)體。母線起匯集和分配電能的作用。10KV側(cè)的所有出線架空線選用一個(gè)型號(hào)的開關(guān)柜。固定式開關(guān)柜價(jià)格便宜，對開關(guān)柜臺(tái)數(shù)少的變電所盡量選用固定式開關(guān)柜。選擇高壓開關(guān)柜根據(jù)使用環(huán)境決定選戶內(nèi)還是戶外型。表712 避雷器的主要參數(shù)型號(hào)額定電壓有效值（kV）滅弧電壓有效值（kV）工頻放電電壓有效值（kV）沖擊放電電壓峰值（）不大于（kV）8/20μ雷電沖擊波殘壓峰值不大于（kV）泄漏或電導(dǎo)電流（μA）不小于不大于5kA10kAFZ—6060140173220227250400～600FS—1010263150475010FZ60及FS10避雷器型號(hào)含義：F—閥型避雷器；Z—電站用；S—變電所用；60/10—額定電壓（kV）。避雷器只根據(jù)系統(tǒng)額定電壓進(jìn)行選擇。FZ系列普通閥式避雷器，用于保護(hù)相應(yīng)額定電壓的交流變、配電設(shè)備的絕緣，以免受大氣過電壓的損害。型的電流互感器即，熱穩(wěn)定校驗(yàn)合格。兩種電流互感器的技術(shù)數(shù)據(jù)如下表所示：表711 LAJ10和LFZ110型電流互感器參數(shù)型號(hào)額定電壓（KV）額定變流比