【正文】 t normally see fires, where there are more fires and where there are more frequent fires. And we are going to have to figure out where those differences are going to be and how we39。s lead author, Jennifer Balch, a researcher with the National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis in Santa Barbara, California. What we39。s currently no systematic, scientific way to study fire.Pyne and nearly two dozen other researchers piled current data on fire39。s main mission is to deliver a new Soyuz capsule for use as an escape vehicle if needed. Mark Shuttleworth is also to conduct experiments on how animal stem cells react in zero gravity. He is the first African to go into space and has been dubbed the Afronaut by many back home. News Item 3 40 years after man landed on the moon, and 39 years after Lovell returned to Earth, NASA plans to retire the Space Shuttle in 2010. It is the only vehicle NASA has to carry astronauts into space. At the Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville, Alabama in late July, NASA held meetings with an independent review panel（獨(dú)立評(píng)審委員會(huì)） missioned by President Barack Obama to evaluate the future of manned space flight（載人航天飛行）.Part of the meeting focused on the next generation spacecraft that would replace the Space Shuttle Orbiter (航天飛機(jī)軌道器). NASA is developing the Constellation program（星座計(jì)劃）, a beefedup Apollolike initiative. It uses a rocket, called Ares, to put a singleuse spacecraft, called the Orion, into orbit, and eventually back to the moon.Another option favored by the presidential panel is extending the life of the Space Shuttle through 2014, keeping it flying missions until a new spacecraft is ready for flight. The panel is also reviewing an extension to the proposed life（擬用年限） of the International Space Station, currently scheduled to end its mission by 2015.A: Directions: Listen to the news item and plete the summary. This news item is about NASA’s plan about the future of manned space flight.B: Directions: Listen to the news again and answer the following questions.1. NASA plans to retire the Space Shuttle in 2010.2. NASA held meetings with an independent review panel missioned by President Barack Obama to evaluate the future of manned space flight.3. Part of the meeting focused on the next generation spacecraft that would replace the Space Shuttle Orbiter.4. The Constellation program is a beefedup Apollolike initiative. It uses a rocket, called Ares, to put a singleuse spacecraft, called the Orion, into orbit, and eventually back to the moon.5. Another option favored by the presidential panel is extending the life of the Space Shuttle through 2014, keeping it flying missions until a new spacecraft is ready for flight.6. The panel is also reviewing an extension to the proposed life of the International Space Station, currently scheduled to end its mission by 2015.Section Four Supplementary ExercisesPart 1 Feature ReportResearchers call for creation of fire scienceAn international group of researchers is calling for the creation of a separate scientific discipline devoted to the study of fire. The scientists say there39。s Baikonur base in Kazakhstan. Aboard was the ship39。s main mission is to deliver a new Soyuz capsule to be kept at the space station for use as an escape vehicle if needed. Mark Shuttleworth is also to conduct experiments on how animal stem cells react in zero gravity. The space tourist39。s Baikonur base in Kazakhstan. Aboard was the ship39。s what it is, probably won39。s unclear whether they39。 support successful transitions to mainstream schools, job training, and employment。 teach respect with language and dress。s ine from private pensions or other sources. B：Sentence Dictation Directions: Listen to some sentences and write them down. You will hear each sentence three times. C：Detailed Listening Directions: Listen to the passage and choose the best answer to plete each of the following sentences. 8. DD：Afterlistening Discussion Directions: Listen to the passage again and discuss the following questions. 1. Bowers and Gross say their goals as foster grandparents are to serve as role models。 support successful transitions to mainstream schools, job training, and employment。 teach respect with language and dress。 others volunteer for a seasonal or special event. When choosing where and how to volunteer, seniors should pick the type of activity that best suits their personal goals as well as the needs of the recipients. Most importantly, be creative, selective, and have fun like the volunteers featured here. Like many Americans, Eloise Bowers and Joan Gross recognized the need for additional support for juveniles as they develop and mature into adults. These seniors, however, decided to give back to their munity and develop positive relationships with juveniles through FGP. The grandmas, now in their second year with the program, have helped more than 50 of the most atrisk youth in the District of Columbia turn their lives around. It is our job to help youth link with their peers and the munity, as well as help their munity and their peers link with them, they stress. For the link to be strong, it must be mutual. Some youth in the program have children of their own and need childrearing tips. Others use inappropriate language and need to expand their vocabulary. Many respond with violence and need avenues to vent* anger, whereas others dress inappropriately and need fashio