【正文】 一個(gè)不是很復(fù)雜的功能要是用美同50年代開(kāi)發(fā)的74系列，或者60年代的CD4000系列這些純硬件來(lái)搞定的話，電路一定是一塊大PCB板！但是如果要是用美國(guó)70年代成功投放市場(chǎng)的系列單片機(jī)，結(jié)果就會(huì)有天壤之別！只因?yàn)閱纹瑱C(jī)的通過(guò)你編寫(xiě)的程序可以實(shí)現(xiàn)高科能，高效率，以及高可靠性！ The CPU is the key ponent of a digital puter. Its purpose is to decode in。s CD4000 series these pure hardware do decides, the electric circuit certainly arc a big PCB board ! But if, if succeeded in the 70s with the US puts in the market the series monolithic integrated circuit, the result will have the huge difference. Because only the monolithic integrated circuit piles through you the procedure may realize the high intelligence, high efficiency, as well as redundant reliability 單片機(jī)是靠程序的，并且可以修改。 It is one kind of online like realtime control puter, online like is the scene control, needs to have the strong antijamming ability, the low cost, this is also and the offline type puter (for instance home use PC,) main difference 它是一種存線式實(shí)時(shí)控制計(jì)算機(jī)，在線式就是現(xiàn)場(chǎng)控制，需要的是有較強(qiáng)的抗干擾能力，較低的成本，這也是和離線式計(jì)算機(jī)的（比如家用PC）的主要區(qū)別。very plex work foot, We use now the pletely automatic drum washer, the platoon petticoat pipe: VCD and so on Inside the electrical appliances may see its form! It is mainly takes the control section the core part.單片機(jī)內(nèi)部也用和電腦功能類似的模塊，比如CPU，內(nèi)存，并行總線，還有和硬盤(pán)作用相同的存儲(chǔ)器件，不同的是它的這些部件性能都相對(duì)我們的家用電腦弱很多，不過(guò)價(jià)錢(qián)也是低的，一般不超過(guò)10元即可，用它來(lái)做一些控制電器一類不是很復(fù)雜的工作足矣了。同時(shí)，學(xué)習(xí)使用單片機(jī)是了解計(jì)算機(jī)原理與結(jié)構(gòu)的最佳選擇。概括的講：一塊芯片就成了一臺(tái)計(jì)算機(jī)。延時(shí)程序DELAY:MOV R4,2DELAY1:MOV R5,250DJNZ R5,$DJNZ R4,DELAY1RET。寫(xiě)上升沿有效DJNZ R1,WBYTE2 。右移位MOV ,C 。時(shí)鐘寫(xiě)WBYTE: MOV R1,08H 。取星期位數(shù)據(jù)MOVC A,A+DPTR 。片選星期位JNB ZHUAN7,XIA23JNB ZHUAN,XIA23MOV P0,00H LJMP XIA24 。取秒個(gè)位數(shù)據(jù)MOVC A,A+DPTR 。片選秒個(gè)位JNB ZHUAN6,XIA21JNB ZHUAN,XIA21MOV P0,00H LJMP XIA22 。為0則消隱LJMP XIA20XIA19:MOVC A,A+DPTR。取秒十位數(shù)據(jù)JNZ XIA19 。取顯示數(shù)型碼MOV P0,AXIA18:LCALL DELAYMOV P3,14H 。閃爍跳過(guò)顯示XIA17:MOV A,42H。取顯示數(shù)型碼MOV P0,AXIA16:LCALL DELAYMOV P3,13H 。判消隱MOV P0,00H 。片選分十位MOV A,43H 。取時(shí)個(gè)位數(shù)據(jù)MOVC A,A+DPTR 。片選時(shí)個(gè)位JNB ZHUAN4,XIA13JNB ZHUAN,XIA13MOV P0,00H LJMP XIA14 。為0則消隱LJMP XIA12 XIA11:MOVC A,A+DPTR。取時(shí)十位數(shù)據(jù)JNZ XIA11 。取顯示數(shù)型碼MOV P0,A XIA10:LCALL DELAYMOV P3,10H 。閃爍跳過(guò)顯示XIA9:MOV A,46H 。取顯示數(shù)型碼MOV P0,AXIA8:LCALL DELAYMOV P3,0FH 。判消隱MOV P0,00H 。片選日十位MOV A,47H 。取月個(gè)位數(shù)據(jù)MOVC A,A+DPTR 。片選月個(gè)位JNB ZHUAN2,XIA5JNB ZHUAN,XIA5MOV P0,00H LJMP XIA6 。為0則消隱LJMP XIA4XIA3:MOVC A,A+DPTR 。取月十位數(shù)據(jù)JNZ XIA3 。顯示年個(gè)位數(shù)據(jù)XIA2:LCALL DELAYMOV P3,0CH 。取年個(gè)位數(shù)據(jù)MOVC A,A+DPTR。顯示年十位數(shù)據(jù)LCALL DELAYMOV P3,0BH 。取年十位數(shù)據(jù)MOVC A,A+DPTR。延時(shí)顯示MOV P3,0AH 。片選年第3位MOV P0,3FH 。年千位為2LCALL DELAY 。設(shè)置函數(shù)表指針MOV P3,08H 。放星期到38HMOV 4CH,00HMOV 4DH,02HRET。后面依次放DJNZ R3,LOOP 。底4位放到40H開(kāi)始的單元INC R1MOV A,R0 SWAP AANL A,0FH MOV R1,A 。星期與年存放數(shù)據(jù)交換XCH A,36HMOV 35H,AMOV R3,6MOV R0,30HMOV R1,40HLOOP:MOV A,R0 。循環(huán)讀8位CLR 。循環(huán)讀8位MOV R0,A 。讀一個(gè)字節(jié)8位READ1:CLR 。循環(huán)送8位MOV R0,30H 。寫(xiě)一位到DS1302SETB 。設(shè)多字節(jié)讀命令MOV R1,8 WRITE1:CLR RRC A 。時(shí)鐘程序RILI:CLR NOPCLR NOPSETB 。調(diào)年TIAON:CLR ZHUAN2SETB ZHUAN1LCALL XIANJNB ,NIANZJNB ,NIANJLJMP JIAN0NIANZ:LCALL DELAYJNB ,NIANZ1LJMP JIAN0NIANZ1:LCALL XIANJNB ,NIANZ1MOV A,35HADD A,1DA AMOV 35H,ALJMP NIANZ2NIANJ:LCALL DELAYJNB ,NIANJ1LJMP JIAN0NIANJ1:LCALL XIANJNB ,NIANJ1MOV A,35HMOV B,10HDIV ABMOV 66H,BMOV B,10MUL ABADD A,66HDEC AMOV B,10DIV ABSWAP AADD A,BMOV 35H,ACJNE A,96H,NIANZ2MOV 35H,99HNIANZ2:MOV A,35HANL A,0FHMOV 4AH,AMOV A,35HSWAP AANL A,0FHMOV 4BH,A SETB MOV A,10001110BACALL WBYTEMOV A,00HACALL WBYTECLR SETB MOV A,8CHLCALL WBYTEMOV A,35HLCALL WBYTELCALL XIANLJMP JIAN0RET。調(diào)日TIAOR:CLR ZHUAN4 SETB ZHUAN3 LCALL XIANJNB ,RIZ JNB ,RIJLJMP JIAN0RIZ:LCALL DELAY JNB ,RIZ1 LJMP JIAN0RIZ1:LCALL XIAN JNB ,RIZ1 MOV A,33H ADD A,1 DA A MOV 33H,ACJNE A,32H,RIZ2MOV 33H,00HLJMP RIZ2RIJ:LCALL DELAYJNB ,RIJ1LJMP JIAN0RIJ1:LCALL XIANJNB ,RIJ1MOV A,33HMOV B,10HDIV ABMOV 64H,BMOV B,10MUL ABADD A,64HDEC AMOV B,10DIV ABSWAP AADD A,BMOV 33H,ACJNE A,96H,RIZ2MOV 33H,31HRIZ2:MOV A,33HANL A,0FHMOV 46H,AMOV A,33HSWAP AANL A,0FHMOV 47H,ASETB MOV A,10001110BACALL WBYTEMOV A,00HACALL WBYTECLR SETB MOV A,86HLCALL WBYTEMOV A,33HLCALL WBYTELCALL XIANLJMP JIAN0RET。調(diào)時(shí)TIAOS:CLR ZHUAN5。分寫(xiě)命令字節(jié)ACALL WBYTEMOV A,31H 。停止傳送SETB 。命令字節(jié)，寄存器07HACALL WBYTEMOV A,00H 。存數(shù)據(jù)到寄存器 SETB 。存數(shù)據(jù)到寄存器MOV A,31HSWAP A 。A減1MOV B,10DIV ABSWAP AADD A,BMOV 31H,ACJNE A,96H,FENZ2MOV 31H,59HFENZ2:MOV A,31HANL A,0FH 。A乘以BADD A,62H 。A除以BMOV 62H,B 。判鍵K3松開(kāi)MOV A,31H 。值過(guò)60為0LJMP FENZ2FENJ:LCALL DELAY 。十進(jìn)制調(diào)整指令MOV 31H,A 。取秒數(shù)據(jù)ADD A,1 。調(diào)延時(shí)去抖動(dòng)JNB ,FENZ1LJMP JIAN0FENZ1:LCALL XIANJNB ,FENZ1 。加轉(zhuǎn)移JNB ,FENJ 。清秒標(biāo)志位SETB ZHUAN5 。寫(xiě)秒數(shù)據(jù)到DS1302LCALL WBYTELCALL XIAN LJMP JIAN0RET。啟動(dòng)寫(xiě)MOV A,80H 。允許寫(xiě)數(shù)據(jù)字節(jié)ACALL WBYTECLR 。啟動(dòng)設(shè)置寫(xiě)保護(hù)寄存器MOV A,10001110B 。半字節(jié)交換ANL A,0FHMOV 41H,A 。分離低四位MOV 40H,A 。不帶進(jìn)位加法DEC A 。數(shù)據(jù)個(gè)位放到61HMOV B,10 MUL AB 。取秒數(shù)據(jù)MOV B,10HDIV AB 。調(diào)延時(shí)去抖動(dòng)JNB ,MIAOJ1LJMP JIAN0MIAOJ1:LCALL XIANJNB ,MIAOJ1 。送回秒寄存器CJNE A,60H,MIAOZ2MOV 30H,00H 。加1DA A 。判鍵K2松開(kāi)MOV A,30H 。減轉(zhuǎn)移 LJMP JIAN0MIAOZ:LCALL DELAY 。秒閃爍標(biāo)志位置1LCALL XIANJNB ,MIAOZ 。調(diào)顯示子程序MOV A,P1 C