【正文】 。This means China cannot rely on an unlimited labor supply for its future economic development, but must instead boost its total factor productivity, said Cai Fang, director of the Institute of Population and Labor Economics under the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences. Cai, one of the writers of the report, urged the government to increase investment in healh care and education.“這意味著中國未來的經(jīng)濟發(fā)展不能依靠勞動力的無限供給，而必須提高人整體的生產(chǎn)率，”蔡昉說，中國社會科學研究院人口與勞動經(jīng)濟研究所所長。s demographic dividend has already ended and will pose a severe challenge for the country39。報告說應努力支持在計劃生育中一個孩子的弱勢家庭。The implementation of the policy has reduced the pressure created by a rapidly rising population, made contributions to economic growth and helped improve population quality.政策的實施減少了激增人口造成的壓力，對經(jīng)濟增長和提高人口素質(zhì)做出了貢獻。The family planning policy has had a profound influence on China39。The family planning policy was introduced around 1980 to rein in China39。中國發(fā)展研究基金會在報告中說到2020年將沒有必要繼續(xù)計劃生育，人們會在生育問題上做出更合理的決策。The report said the population is heading for negative growth and an ultralow fertility rate, adding that it also faces issues related to aging, gender imbalances, urbanization, an expanding shortage of migrant workers and an onlychild generation.報告說，人口問題朝著負增長和超低生育率轉(zhuǎn)移，補充說人口也將面臨老齡化、性別失衡、城市化、不斷擴大的民工荒，以及獨生子女這一代有關的問題。s population has seen a declining annual growth rate, slowing to percent in the first decade of the 21st century, down from percent in the previous 10 years, according to the report. Its population situation is quite different from that of 30 years ago, when a family planning policy limited the majority of urban families to just one child.根據(jù)該報告，中國人口年增長率已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)了下降，%，％。s future social and economic development, the China Development Research Foundation reported.中國發(fā)展研究基金會報告說，人口結(jié)構(gòu)、質(zhì)量和分布中存在的問題已經(jīng)日益明顯，并將對中國未來的經(jīng)濟和社會發(fā)展產(chǎn)生深遠影響。 some demographers predict more, but not a boom.Family planning is one of the basic national policies of China. Implemented in 1978, the family planning policy has produced remarkable effects over the past 30odd years. Excessive population growth was effectively controlled, with the quality of people being improved. Furthermore, the family planning policy has helped in promoting living standards as well as sustainable social development However, as the society further develops, new problems emerge continuously, bringing many new challenges to family planning. Therefore, the Chinese government has refined the policy.CHINA should consider adjusting its family planning policy, as structural problems have overtaken excessive growth as the most significant populationrelated problem, a government think tank said yesterday.政府智囊團昨日表示，中國應考慮調(diào)整計劃生育政策，因為結(jié)構(gòu)性問題已超越過快增長成為最重要的人口問題。dpc=1, February 18.　　[17]國家統(tǒng)計局．2011年國民經(jīng)濟和社會發(fā)展統(tǒng)計公報．://. stats. gov. /tjsj/tjgb/ndtjgh／qgndtjgb/201202/t0120222_30026. html. 2012　　National Bureau of Statistics. 2012. National Economy and Society Developed Statistical Bulletin 2011. ://. stats. gov. /tjsj/tjgb/ndtjgb/qgndtijgb/201202/t20120222_30026. html.But the bad guys may not be quite as bad. The loosening of the onechildpolicy announced on November15th, allowing couples to have a second child if either parent is an only child, is meant to signal the beginning of a more familyfriendly bureaucracy. The enforcers still have leverage, but in thisrespect central authorities are asking them to restrain their use of can set their own timetable for implementing the reform, but they arebeing officially encouraged to do so as quickly as possible (some willundoubtedly proceed immediately。 1: 3645, 111　　Wu Xiwei. 2010. The Effects of First Marriage and First Birth on Second Birth Interval for Chinese Women at Childbearing Age: A Study Using Split Population Survival Model. Chinese Journal of Population Science 1: 3645, 111.　　[13]宋珊．中國人口轉(zhuǎn)變中的婚育行為轉(zhuǎn)變．北京：中國人民大學碩士論文，2008　　Song Shan. 2008. Behavior Change of Nuptiality and Fertility In Demographic Transition of China．Master Dissertation Beijing: Renmin University of China.　　[14]中國人口學會．中國人口學會2013年年會資料．北京，201312: 15　　China Population Association. 2013. China Population Association 2013 Annual Meeting. Beijing, December 21～23: 15.　　[15]CCTV面對面．翟振武：釋疑“單獨二胎”．://news. tv. /2013/ll/17/VIDE 1384700158611108. shtrnl, 20131117　　CCTV One on One. 2013. Zhai Zhenwu: Explaining Twochild Policy for Couples in Which One Side Has No Siblings. ://news. tv. /2013/ll/17/VIDE 1384700158611108. shtrnl, November 17.　　[16]新浪網(wǎng)．“你愿意生二胎嗎”調(diào)查．://survey. news. sina. . /survey. php? id=85324 amp。 2: 8393　　Liu Shuang and Zou Mingru. 2011. Interval between First and Second Birth and Its Policy Implications. Population Research 2: 8393.　　[11]王軍．我國生育政策對二孩生育間隔影