【正文】 Performance1. IntroductionIn modern times, approximately more than 90% of a person’s time is spentindoors, and therefore it is important to maintain the indoor environment within　fortable conditions for the occupants. This is usually acplished by coolingheating and ventilating the indoor space so that it bees within a fortable range. Some recent studies show strong linkages among indoor thermal environment and occupant productivity [1,2]. Heat pump system, which requires easily obtainable electricity for input power is being popular nowadays for controlling the indoor thermal environment. In general, it is a total electric system with the capabilities of providing both cooling and heating. In an airsource heat pump system, outdoor air acts as a heat sink to which heat is rejected during cooling, and as a heat source from which heat is extracted during heating. Since air is readily available everywhere, airsource heat pumps are the most widely used heat pumps in residential and mercial buildings. In the simplest case, a heat pump consists of a pressor, an indoor heat exchanger bined with an indoor fan to interchange heat energy with the conditioned space, an outdoor heat exchanger that is bined with an outdoor fan to interchange heat energy with the environment and an expansion valve for regulating the refrigerant ?ow. Depending on the heat energy required,the indoor heat exchanger is operated to be an evaporator during cooling or a condenser during heating. The role of the outdoor heat exchanger will be opposite to that of an indoor heat exchanger, that is condenser during cooling and evaporator during heating. A 4way valve is used to change the refrigerant path, which makes a heat pump system switch between cooling and heating modes.Modern buildings are being more and more airtight to minimizeuncontrolled in?ltration of outdoor air. This can reduce the consumption of energy for cooling and heating,but it can cause serious problems to indoor air quality since natural ventilation, which replaces the contaminated indoor air with fresh outdoo air, is no longer suf?cient. Since ventilation is necessary to exhaust contaminated indoor air and bring in the outdoor fresh air, modern building tends to adopt controlled forced ventilation for maximum energy saving and fort. There is a large variation in the fresh air requirement for people depending on the situations. ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 622001 remends 30–54 m3/(h person) of outdoor air for mercial buildings[3]. In a central air conditioning system, the necessary amount of outdoor fresh air is calculated based on the upper limits of the concentrations of air pollutants of indoor air and often has the value of 10–30% of volumetric air ?owrate of recirculation air [4–6].Ventilation, though essential for maintaining acceptable indoor air quality, is always acpanied by energy loss since outdoor air must be cooled or heated to bring it to the pace condition. Fig. 1 shows percentage of heating load increase due to outdoor ventilation for a standard heating operation condition. In the ?gure, it is shown that for an outdoor ventilation of 30%, heating load has been increased by % pared to none outdoor ventilation. For the calculation, it has been assumed 21 8C, 45% for indoor,7 8C, 6 8Cwbfor outdoor condition, and 8C for supply air temperature. In Europe, the building code for the year 2000 contains requirements for well insulated and tight buildings so the energy demand for heating from ventilation air tends to reach about 60% of the total annual energy demand for the building [7]. Since a large amount of energy is lost due to ventilation, it is very important to recover ventilation energy.Though important, relatively few works related to recovering ventilation energy can be found in the work of Besant et al. [7,8] on airtoair energy recovery is a survey of the air ?ow con?guration, devices and performance factors for a ventilation heat recovery of selecting a heat or energy recovery device based on temperature and humidity differences was , some economic aspects related to the payback duration of an energy recovery system were considered. The authors of this work concluded that applying airtoair heat/energy exchangers in buildings is a costeffective and reliable way of conditioning outside ventilation air. Fehrmet al. [9] described the development of the ventilation systems with heat recovery in Europe. From a ?eld survey of 60 units, forced ventilation systems featuring heat recovery equipment reduced ?nal energy consumption by 20%. Dieckmann et al.[10] claimed that in a reasonably tight building, energy recovery ventilators can reduce annual cooling and heating energy consumption by about onethird.The objective of this work is to study the overall performance of heating mode heat pump for various heat recovery systems during forced ventilation. A heat pump
。 Experiment。 Ventilation。在他們的身上依然有很多值得我學(xué)習(xí)的和作為榜樣的地方。張老師在我的知識學(xué)習(xí)和研究的方向、方法，以及論文書寫等方方面面都進(jìn)行了細(xì)心認(rèn)真的指導(dǎo)和督促，使得本人得以順利完成學(xué)業(yè)和該畢業(yè)設(shè)計的全過程。在本次空調(diào)的設(shè)計過程中，首先應(yīng)當(dāng)向我的畢業(yè)設(shè)計指導(dǎo)老師張士軒老師表示最誠摯和由衷的感謝和敬意。保溫材料的熱工性能主要取決于其導(dǎo)熱系數(shù)，導(dǎo)熱系數(shù)越大，說明保溫性能越差，因此選擇導(dǎo)熱系數(shù)低的保溫材料是首要原則；同時要綜合考慮保溫材料的吸水率、使用溫度范圍、使用壽命、抗老化性、機(jī)械強(qiáng)度、防火性能、造價及經(jīng)濟(jì)性，在本設(shè)計中對供回水管及風(fēng)管的保溫材料均采用帶有網(wǎng)格線鋁箔帖面的防潮離心玻璃棉。（2） 膨脹水箱的選型對應(yīng)采暖通風(fēng)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，查得膨脹水箱的尺寸如下：表64膨脹水箱的性能參數(shù)圖61膨脹水箱立面圖 制冷機(jī)房布置機(jī)房內(nèi)設(shè)備布置，應(yīng)符合以下標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：（1）機(jī)組與墻之間的凈距不小于1m，；（2）；（3）留有不小于蒸發(fā)器、冷凝器或低溫發(fā)生器長度的維修距離；（4）機(jī)組與其上方管道、煙道或電纜橋架的凈距不小于1m；（5）。膨脹水箱的容積是由系統(tǒng)中水容量和最大的水溫變化幅度決定，由下式計算：V== 式中 膨脹水箱有效容積（即從信號管到溢流管之間高差內(nèi)的容積），；水的體積膨脹系數(shù)，α=，L/℃；最大的水溫變化值，℃，取127=5℃，系統(tǒng)內(nèi)的水容量，m179?！Ｅ蛎浰涞呐涔軕?yīng)包括膨脹管、信號管、溢流管、排水管等。膨脹管最好接至循環(huán)水泵入口，當(dāng)水箱距水泵入口較遠(yuǎn)時，可接至該建筑物內(nèi)的回水總管上，但運行時，回水總管和水泵吸入口之間不應(yīng)有關(guān)斷的閥門。膨脹水箱設(shè)計選型（1）膨脹水箱的容積計算由于本設(shè)計采用閉式水系統(tǒng)，為了貯存系統(tǒng)中的水因溫度上升時的膨脹水量以及排除系統(tǒng)中存在的空氣，并且穩(wěn)定系統(tǒng)壓力，因此在管路系統(tǒng)中連接膨脹水箱。其管徑按照這個確定，并且應(yīng)該大于最大接管開口直徑的2倍，則為DN300。冷凍水泵揚程表63 冷凍水泵100RK6525B的主要性能參數(shù)轉(zhuǎn)速n流量Q揚程H功率(kw)必須汽蝕余量(r/min)(m3/h)(m)軸功率配電機(jī)r(m)14506525 分、集水器設(shè)計分集