【正文】 see the documentation for details. For SPI munication, use the SPI library. ProgrammingThe Arduino Uno can be programmed with the Arduino software (download). Select Arduino Uno from the Tools Board menu (according to the microcontroller on your board). For details, see the reference and tutorials.The ATmega328 on the Arduino Uno es preburned with a bootloader that allows you to upload new code to it without the use of an external hardware programmer. It municates using the original STK500 protocol (reference, C header files).You can also bypass the bootloader and program the microcontroller through the ICSP (InCircuit Serial Programming) header using Arduino ISP or similar。16U2 firmware uses the standard USB COM drivers, and no external driver is needed. However, on Windows, a .inf file is required. The Arduino software includes a serial monitor which allows simple textual data to be sent to and from the Arduino board. The RX and TX LEDs on the board will flash when data is being transmitted via the USBtoserial chip and USB connection to the puter (but not for serial munication on pins 0 and 1).A SoftwareSerial library allows for serial munication on any of the Uno39。t advise . A volt supply generated by the onboard regulator. Maximum current draw is 50 . Ground pins.IOREF. This pin on the Arduino board provides the voltage reference with which the microcontroller operates. A properly configured shield can read the IOREF pin voltage and select the appropriate power source or enable voltage translators on the outputs for working with the 5V or . MemoryThe ATmega328 has 32 KB (with KB used for the bootloader). It also has 2 KB of SRAM and 1 KB of EEPROM (which can be read and written with the EEPROM library). Input and OutputEach of the 14 digital pins on the Uno can be used as an input or output, using pinMode(), digitalWrite(), and digitalRead() functions. They operate at 5 volts. Each pin can provide or receive a maximum of 40 mA and has an internal pullup resistor (disconnected by default) of 2050 kOhms. In addition, some pins have specialized functions:Serial: 0 (RX) and 1 (TX). Used to receive (RX) and transmit (TX) TTL serial data. These pins are connected to the corresponding pins of the ATmega8U2 USBtoTTL Serial chip.External Interrupts: 2 and 3. These pins can be configured to trigger an interrupt on a low value, a rising or falling edge, or a change in value. See the attachInterrupt() function for details.PWM: 3, 5, 6, 9, 10, and 11. Provide 8bit PWM output with the analogWrite() : 10 (SS), 11 (MOSI), 12 (MISO), 13 (SCK). These pins support SPI munication using the SPI library.LED: 13. There is a builtin LED connected to digital pin 13. When the pin is HIGH value, the LED is on, when the pin is LOW, it39。s power jack. Leads from a battery can be inserted in the Gnd and Vin pin headers of the POWER connector.The board can operate on an external supply of 6 to 20 volts. If supplied with less than 7V, however, the 5V pin may supply less than five volts and the board may be unstable. If using more than 12V, the voltage regulator may overheat and damage the board. The remended range is 7 to 12 volts. The power pins are as follows:VIN. The input voltage to the Arduino board when it39。 simply connect it to a puter with a USB cable or power it with a ACtoDC adapter or battery to get started.The Uno differs from all preceding boards in that it does not use the FTDI USBtoserial driver chip. Instead, it features the Atmega16U2 (Atmega8U2 up to version R2) programmed as a USBtoserial converter.Revision 2 of the Uno board has a resistor pulling the 8U2 HWB line to ground, making it easier to put into DFU 3 of the board has the following new features: pinout: added SDA and SCL pins that are near to the AREF pin and two other new pins placed near to the RESET pin, the IOREF that allow the shields to adapt to the voltage provided from the board. In future, shields will be patible with both the board that uses the AVR, which operates with 5V and with the Arduino Due that operates with . The second one is a not connected pin, that is reserved for future RESET circuit.Atmega 16U2 replace the 8U2.Uno means one in Italian and is named to mark the uping release of Arduino . The Uno and version will be the reference versions of Arduino, moving forward. The Uno is the latest in a series of USB Arduino boards, and the reference model for the Arduino platform。感謝沈陽理工大學(xué)信息科學(xué)與工程學(xué)院所有的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)和老師這四年的學(xué)習(xí)基礎(chǔ)對我非常重要，是你們讓我能夠靜靜地坐下來，在知識的海洋里吸取更多的營養(yǎng)，從而能夠?yàn)樽约哼M(jìn)一步地加油充電。同時(shí)感謝一起研究無限溫濕度測控的同學(xué)們，在學(xué)習(xí)中我們相互幫助，互相激勵(lì)和關(guān)心。首先要感謝我的導(dǎo)師胡玉蘭教授、王東明老師和身邊的同學(xué)。致 謝四年的大學(xué)時(shí)光，我不僅學(xué)習(xí)到了專業(yè)方面的相關(guān)知識，進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)充了眼界，更重要的是掌握了學(xué)習(xí)知識的能力，使我從多方面提升了自身能力。同時(shí)由于本課題研究的內(nèi)容需要的知識面寬，涉及的計(jì)算機(jī)硬件和計(jì)算機(jī)軟件，其所含的技術(shù)多，其工作量也較大，是一個(gè)復(fù)雜而艱巨的系統(tǒng)工程，需要一個(gè)長期努力才能使其系統(tǒng)功能盡善盡美。但是，對該系統(tǒng)的研究還存在一些問題需要解決。應(yīng)用傳感技術(shù)、無線收發(fā)技術(shù)及計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)，實(shí)現(xiàn)多點(diǎn)溫濕度數(shù)據(jù)的采集和無線傳輸。整個(gè)系統(tǒng)采用分時(shí)掃描區(qū)域內(nèi)的傳感器的控制思想，實(shí)現(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù)的監(jiān)測。傳統(tǒng)溫濕度測量方法只適合于采集變化范圍較小的情況，對于多點(diǎn)大范圍變化的溫濕度數(shù)據(jù)采集來說，采用傳統(tǒng)溫濕度采集方法，遠(yuǎn)距離傳輸會引起較大的誤差。本系統(tǒng)軟件的設(shè)計(jì)采用模塊化設(shè)計(jì)使設(shè)計(jì)思路明確，且便于調(diào)試和修改。下位機(jī)把監(jiān)測到的溫濕度數(shù)據(jù)值發(fā)送給上位機(jī)，進(jìn)行溫濕度的讀取和輸出。上電復(fù)位后顯示不同車間號、溫濕度值及其測量時(shí)間。下位機(jī)程序設(shè)計(jì)通常先進(jìn)行初始化，如設(shè)置中斷、定時(shí)器、串行口、外部可編程器件的初始化等，然后循環(huán)執(zhí)行主要功能，如定時(shí)、數(shù)據(jù)采集、顯示以及定時(shí)將數(shù)據(jù)傳遞給上位機(jī)。初始化的內(nèi)容包括給相應(yīng)的字符名稱賦值，各個(gè)寄存器的初始化，設(shè)置串口通信參數(shù)，打開CPU中斷，打開串口中斷，設(shè)置定時(shí)器T0中斷。： 系統(tǒng)軟件的功能層次結(jié)構(gòu)圖其中PC機(jī)主要管數(shù)據(jù)存儲，管理等，主控Arduino主要完成無線收發(fā)。這樣有利于程序修改和調(diào)試，增強(qiáng)了程序的可移植性。 4 系統(tǒng)的軟件設(shè)計(jì)該系統(tǒng)的軟件設(shè)計(jì)方法與硬件設(shè)計(jì)相對應(yīng)，采用模塊化結(jié)構(gòu)，總共包括主程序、模塊、參數(shù)設(shè)置模塊、通信模塊、報(bào)警子程序模塊等。 小結(jié) 硬件的設(shè)計(jì)對于Arduino控制系統(tǒng)來說很重要，各種接口電路的正確設(shè)計(jì)對系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)至關(guān)重要。為了抑制這種干擾，在電路中要配置去渦電容，即在門電路的電源端與地線端加接電容，它一方面提供吸收該集成電路開關(guān)門瞬間的充放電能量，另一方而旁路掉該器件的高頻噪聲。這些元器件都適合環(huán)境要求，并且集成化程度高，可靠性比較好，具有較高的性能價(jià)格比。主要選擇體積小、集成化程度高、可靠性強(qiáng)并且能夠承受所處工作環(huán)境的集成芯片。通?？垢蓴_措施主要有兩種：硬件和軟件。 硬件抗干擾措施本系統(tǒng)的工作環(huán)境往往比較惡劣，系統(tǒng)在正常運(yùn)行過程中可能會遇到一些未知的干擾，這些干擾有時(shí)會嚴(yán)重破壞系統(tǒng)的器件或程序，造成系統(tǒng)工作不正常，性能達(dá)不到設(shè)計(jì)要求，甚至造成系統(tǒng)死機(jī)或崩潰。TXEN為發(fā)射允許控制端與微處理器的P1．0相連，TXEN=I時(shí)nRF401工作在發(fā)射模式，此時(shí)系統(tǒng)向外發(fā)送數(shù)據(jù)，當(dāng)TXEN=0時(shí)為接收模式。也就是說，若傳輸應(yīng)答信號過程中執(zhí)行此指令的話將使得應(yīng)答信號不能被完整的傳輸REUSE_TX_PL1110 0011應(yīng)用于發(fā)射端重新使用上一包發(fā)射的有效數(shù)據(jù) 當(dāng)CE=1時(shí) 數(shù)據(jù)被不斷重新發(fā)送在發(fā)射數(shù)據(jù)包過程中必須禁止數(shù)據(jù)包重利用功能NOP1111 1111控操作 可用來讀狀態(tài)寄存器 主從機(jī)系統(tǒng)