【正文】 　　73) Astrophysicists working with groundbased detectors at the South Pole and balloonborne instruments are closing in on such structures, and may report their findings soon.　　句子分析：　　第一、句子可以拆分為三段：Astrophysicists working with groundbased detectors at the South Pole and balloonborne instrument?！　?)整體結(jié)構(gòu)是：The existence... was virtually required for..., to maintain...2)first put forward in the 1920s是過去分詞短語作插入語，說明前面的名詞the Big Bang　　3)后面的不定式短語是補語?！　〉谌?、詞的處理：　　even more important (省略)更為重要的是　　the patterns and structures (宇宙云的)形狀和結(jié)構(gòu)　　15 billion years ago 150億年前完整的譯文：　　71)但更為重要的是，這是科學家們所能觀測到的最遙遠的過去的景象，因為他們看到的是150億年前宇宙云的形狀和結(jié)構(gòu)。98年 翻譯題解：　　71) But even more important, it was the farthest that scientists had been able to looksintosthe past, for what they were seeing were the patterns and structures that existed 15 billion years ago.　　句子分析：　　第一、句子可以拆分為三段：But even more important, it was the farthest that scientists had been able to looksintosthe past, / for what they were seeing were the patterns and structures / that existed 15 billion years ago.　　第二、句子主干結(jié)構(gòu)是：主句+ for +原因狀語從句。　　第三、詞的處理：　　that (代詞作主語)聯(lián)系上下文譯為這種反應　　mankind39。s instinct for moral reasoning in action, an instinct that should be encouraged rather than laughed at.　　句子分析：　　第一、句子可以拆分為三段：When that happens, it is not a mistake: / it is mankind39?！　〉谌?、詞的處理：　　Arguing from the view 從……觀點看，持……觀點　　different from... 與……不同　　in every relevant respect 在各相關方面　　extremists 極端主義者，持極端觀點的人　　lie outside the area of moral choice 不在道德問題范圍，與道德取舍無關完整的譯文：　　74)這類人持極端看法，認為人與動物在各相關方面都不相同，對待動物無須考慮道德問題。Arguing from...現(xiàn)在分詞短語作狀語?！　〉谌?、詞的處理：　　leads ...to extremes 引向極端　　at the outset 從一開始　　invites you to think 使人們認為　　consideration 關切，體諒　　humans extend to other humans 人對待人完整的譯文：　　73)這種說法從一開始就將討論引向兩個極端，它使人們認為應這樣對待動物：要么像對人類自身一樣關切體諒，要么完全冷漠無情。　　2) animals should be treated either with..., or with...要么……要么……，是表示選擇的方式狀語。　　第三、詞的處理：　　argue 論證　　a social contract 社會契約　　as part of 作為(是)……的一部分　　entitlements 利益，權利　　完整的譯文：　　72)有些哲學家論證說，權利只存在社會契約中，是責任與利益相交換的一部分。t后面省略的詞應該是so或true　　an agreed account 約定的看法，共同的認識　　human rights 人的權利，人權完整的譯文：　　71)事實并非如此，因為這種問法是以人們對人的權利有共同的認識為基礎的，而這種共同認識并不存在。t, because it assumes / that there is an agreed account of human rights, / which is something the world does not 、句子主干結(jié)構(gòu)是主從復合句?！　〉谌?、詞的處理：　　New forms of thought 新的思維方式　　new subjects for thought 新的思維對象　　arise 出現(xiàn)　　giving rise to 給出，產(chǎn)生，帶來　　new standards of elegance 完美的新標準　　完整的譯文：　　75)同過去一樣，將來必然會出現(xiàn)新的思維方式和新的思維對象，給完美以新的標準97年　　翻譯題解：　　71) Actually, it isn39。s more fascination and delightful 、詞的處理：　　elegant systems (精美的)完美的體系　　in principle 一般而言　　deal with 解決，處理　　aspects 原義是方面，聯(lián)系上下文譯成課題，問題　　完整的譯文：　　74)然而，世界就是如此，完美的體系一般而言是無法解決世界上某些更加引人入勝的課題的。s more fascination and delightful aspects.　　句子分析：　　第一、句子可以拆分為三段：However, the world is so made / that elegant systems are in principle unable to / deal with some of the world39?！　?3) This seems mostly effectively done by supporting a certain amount of research not related to immediate goals but of possible consequence in the future.　　句子分析：　　第一、句子可以拆分為三段：This seems mostly effectively done / by supporting a certain amount of research not related to immediate goals / but of possible consequence in the future.　　第二、句子的結(jié)構(gòu)：　　1)主干結(jié)構(gòu)是系詞+過去分詞+被動賓語：This seems mostly effectively done by...　　2)research后面是雙重定語not related to... but of...由此斷定related to意思等于of　　第三、詞的處理：　　This (主語代詞要譯出來)這一問題　　done 解決　　not related to 與……無關　　immediate goals 當前目標　　possible consequence 可能的影響　　完整的譯文：　　73)給某些與當前目標無關但將來可能產(chǎn)生影響的科研以支持，看來通常能有效地解決這一問題?！　?)that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment是定語從句中的主語從句　　4)cannot generally be foreseen in detail是賓語從句的謂語?！　?2) This trend began during the Second World War, when several governments came to the conclusion that the specific demands that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannot generally be foreseen in detail.　　句子分析：　　第一、句子可以拆分為三段：This trend began during the Second World War, when several governments came to the conclusion / that the specific demands that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment / cannot generally be foreseen in detail.　　第二、句子的結(jié)構(gòu)：　　1)主干結(jié)構(gòu)是主句+ when引導的時間狀語，when = at that time當時，那時。75) For example, they do not pensate for gross social inequality, and thus do not tell how able an underprivileged youngster might have been had he grown up under more favorable circumstances.　　句子分析：　　第一、句子可以拆分為三段：For example, they do not pensate for gross social inequality, / and thus do not tell how able an underprivileged youngster might have been / had he grown up under more favorable circumstances.　　第二、句子的結(jié)構(gòu)：　　1)主干結(jié)構(gòu)是并列句they do not pensate for..., and thus do not tell...　　2) how able是表語前置，正常語序是：... youngster might have been how able　　3)最后一個句子是虛擬語氣句的倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)：had he grown up under more favorable circumstances等于If he had grown up...　　第三、詞的處理：　　they 指示代詞，測試　　pensate for 彌補　　gross social inequality 明顯的社會不公　　and thus 因此　　tell 說明　　underprivileged 貧困的、物質(zhì)條件差的　　under more favorable circumstances 在較好的環(huán)境下　　完整的譯文：　　75)例如，測試并不彌補明顯的社會不公，因此它們不能說明一個物質(zhì)條件差的年輕人，如果在較好的環(huán)境下成長的話，會有多大才干?！　　　?) what is to be measured or predicted是第二個從句的主語?！　〉谌?、詞的處理：　　Whether to..., or 是……還是……　　both 指代前句的tests, other kinds of information　　in a particular situation 在某一特定情況下　　therefore 因此　　the evidence from experience 經(jīng)驗依據(jù)　　concerning 與……有關的　　parative validity 相對效度　　such factors as... 諸如……等因素　　完整的譯文：　　73)因此，在某一特定情況下，究竟是采用測試還是其他種類的信息，或是兩者兼用，須憑有關相對效度的經(jīng)驗依據(jù)而定，也取決于諸如費用和有無來源等因素。　　72) How well the predictions will be validated by later performance depends upon the amount, reliability, and appropriateness of the information used and on the skill and wisdom with which it is interpreted　　句子分析：第一、句子可以拆分為三段：How well the predictions will be validated by later performance / depends upon the amount, reliability, and appropriateness of the information used and on the skill and wisdom / with which it is interpreted　　第二、句子主干結(jié)構(gòu)是：　　1)How well...引導的被動結(jié)構(gòu)是主語從句，How well是主語從句中的狀語前置，depends是句子謂語2)depends后面兩個介詞短語作并列賓語upon...and on... 3) the informat