【正文】 elementary:基本的，初級(jí)的。unpolished:未經(jīng)修飾的。concise:簡(jiǎn)明扼要的。　　3. A　vague:模糊的，含糊的。s absolutely 。absolutely:絕對(duì)地。noticeable:明顯的，易見(jiàn)的。sufficient:足夠的，充分的。horrifying是“恐怖的”，“使震驚的”的意思。I don39。t be so 。He is hateful to 。詞匯學(xué)習(xí)7：　　1. D　annoying和irritating意思最相近，有“使煩惱的”，“使人不愉快的”等意思。Jack took a deep breath and dived in．杰克深深吸了一口氣，然后潛入水中。She takes a rest occasionally．她偶然也休息休息。He takes a walk only when he is free．只有有空時(shí)他才散散步。walk：走路；散步。15．AThis hot weather is exceptional for August．八月天這么熱是不尋常的。Their achievements are surprising．他們?nèi)〉玫某删褪求@人的。She is beautiful and sexy．她漂亮且性感。This movie is very exciting．這部電影是非常令人激動(dòng)的。Exciting：令人激動(dòng)的。14．DHe was confined to prison for six years．他在監(jiān)獄里關(guān)了六年。Some fat people are trying to reduce their weight．一些肥胖的人在試圖減肥。Government officials are disallowed to accept bribery．政府官員是不可接受賄賂。We’ve tried very hard to prevent the facemaintenance project from being done．我們已經(jīng)竭盡全力阻止這項(xiàng)面子工程的執(zhí)行。prevent：阻止。13．CSmoke has blackened the ceiling of the room．煙已經(jīng)把房間的天花板熏黑了。They held themselves in readiness for bad news．他們對(duì)壞消息已經(jīng)做好了準(zhǔn)備。The bad news darkened their view of the situation．這條壞消息使得他們對(duì)情況的看法變得很悲觀。The storm prevented an early departure．暴風(fēng)雨阻礙了早離開(kāi)。prevent：擋住。12．DHis death marked the end of an era．他的死標(biāo)志著一個(gè)時(shí)代的結(jié)束。This team is made up of several old professors．這個(gè)小組由幾個(gè)老教授組成。This panel consists of several young professors．這個(gè)答辯委員會(huì)由幾個(gè)年輕的教授組成。The plan includes many of your suggestions．該計(jì)劃包含了許多你的建議。include：包含。11．BThe girl’s lips started to tremble and then she began to cry．女孩的嘴唇先是顫抖接著就哭了起來(lái)。The old building was falling to pieces．那座老建筑正在坍塌中。The house shakes when a train goes by．火車開(kāi)過(guò)時(shí)，房子會(huì)晃動(dòng)。Many temples were damaged in the war．許多寺廟在戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中毀壞了。damage：毀壞。10．CThe earth rotates round the sun．地球繞著太陽(yáng)轉(zhuǎn)。The earth moves round the sun．地球繞著太陽(yáng)轉(zhuǎn)。She runs a small shop．她經(jīng)營(yíng)著一個(gè)小店。The old theory doesn’t work．舊的理論已經(jīng)不靈了。work：運(yùn)作的。9．DJack introduced Marry to John at the party．在聚會(huì)上杰克把瑪麗介紹給了約翰。The beginners are able to write simple sentences．初學(xué)者已經(jīng)可以寫(xiě)簡(jiǎn)單旬了。The artist is drawing a picture of his home town．那個(gè)美術(shù)家在畫(huà)他的家鄉(xiāng)。The police woman asked her to describe the thief．那個(gè)女警察讓她描述了那個(gè)盜賊。describe：描寫(xiě)。8．AThe guest professor gave us a very lengthy lecture this afternoon．客座教授今天下午給我們作了一個(gè)很長(zhǎng)的講座。His report was very monotonous．他的報(bào)告很枯燥。I had a long conversation with him today．我今天跟他長(zhǎng)談了一次。We’re all working for everlasting peace．我們都在為永久的和平而奮斗。Everlasting：永久的。7．AThe police man examined the passport very carefully．警察仔細(xì)地察看了護(hù)照。open：開(kāi)。spread：伸展。The Chinese soldiers exhibited great bravery in that fierce battle．在那場(chǎng)激烈的戰(zhàn)斗中，中國(guó)士兵表現(xiàn)出了極大的勇氣。 exhibit：顯示。point：論點(diǎn)。question：?jiǎn)栴}。problem：?jiǎn)栴}。His death has remained a puzzle．他怎么死的至今還是個(gè)迷。5．B puzzle：迷。John is easy to please．使約翰高興很容易。The deal was quite profitable．這宗買(mǎi)賣是有利可圖的。It’s possible for you to take a night train．你搭乘夜車是可以的。No one is born wise．人不是生下來(lái)就聰明的。wise：聰明的。4．DThe blind man has a dog to lead him．這個(gè)盲人有條狗領(lǐng)他。We reached our destination at midnight．我們午夜到達(dá)了目的地。The police car has passed the truck．警車已經(jīng)超過(guò)了卡車。pass：超過(guò)。3．Bd like to clear up two or three points．我有兩三點(diǎn)想澄清一下。Clear up：澄清。make up：編造。The old teacher has accumulated a lot of teaching experience．這位老教師積累了豐富的教學(xué)經(jīng)驗(yàn)。 accumulate：積累。extensive：廣泛的。little：?。簧?。much：許多。The expense of living is immense today．現(xiàn)在生活的開(kāi)支很大。 immense：巨大的。He gave us a frightening，but believable account of his childhood．He made all inspiring speech．boring：令人厭煩的。moving：動(dòng)人的；感人的。1 5．C In my opinion，this book is the best book on the subject．雖然position也有“立場(chǎng)”的意思，但不能說(shuō)from my position。The union may shift its position on the question．knowledge：知識(shí)。point of view：觀點(diǎn)；看法。14．BThe rumour quickly spread through the village．spread與scatter有相同的義項(xiàng)——“散布”。The robbers tried to flee，but they were caught．depart：離開(kāi)；出發(fā)。separate：分散；分離。Most of her fears have been removed．13．AMore units to fight forest fires are planned．a(chǎn)bolish：廢除。control：控制。12．D“堅(jiān)持”與“持續(xù)”在意義上似乎很接近，但在語(yǔ)義上的差別是很明顯的。persevere也缺少“持續(xù)”這個(gè)義項(xiàng)。The nation was able to resist the invasion．insist和persist在意義上并不完全相同。My family insisted that I should not give in，but stay and fight．persevere：堅(jiān)持。continue：持續(xù)。11．C This house is peculiar in lots of ways．這些詞都可替換，所生成的句子在語(yǔ)法上都是正確的。It was an absolutely ridiculous decision．magnificent：壯麗的；宏偉的。lovely：可愛(ài)的；美麗的。I find it unbelievable that people can accept this sort of behavior．10．CThis sentence is ambiguous．unclear：不清楚。wrong：有錯(cuò)誤的；有毛病的。My schedule is flexible．9．APeople in this small town wear colorful clothes．a(chǎn)ttractive：迷人的；吸引人的。varied：多種多樣的；不同的。She is beautiful and clever．8．D Chris is so ambitious，so determined to do it all．1azy：懶惰的。hardworking：勤奮的，努力的。John is a reliable man．7．C Your plan is workable．practical：實(shí)際的，現(xiàn)實(shí)的。That is the least convincing excuse that you could offer. convincing可替換credible而不改變句子的意義。 credible：可信的。They are now in a position to govern the state in alliance with either the Free Democrats or the Green Party．in connection with：在……一起；相關(guān)。together with具有相同的意思，用together代入后，所生成的也是一個(gè)在語(yǔ)法上正確的句子。5．ATheir military strength has gone down because their air force has proved to be an effective force．此句中的strength可由capacity替代而不改變句子的意義。不難看出，詞的意義不決定句法結(jié)構(gòu)?？梢钥闯?，ability和capability在搭配上是有差別的，前者只可跟to搭配，但后者既可跟to又可跟of搭配。又如：Now we have the capability of defending our country, all thanks to our own efforts．The country has the capability to defeat any aggressor．a(chǎn)bility：能力，本領(lǐng)。4．Dreached也有“達(dá)到”的意思，但它本身并不含“需要通過(guò)努力”，因而它不可替代achieved．下面舉一個(gè)reach用法的例子：The process of political change in South Africa has reached the stage where it is irreversible．reap是“收獲，獲得”的意思。 attain有通過(guò)努力取得了某種東西或達(dá)到某種狀態(tài)的意思。如：Anyhow, thanks a lot．Bye bye. 但練習(xí)題中的anyhow不是用來(lái)結(jié)束會(huì)話的，因而不能由well替換。但練習(xí)題中的anyhow不是這個(gè)意思。anyway在絕大多數(shù)情況中表達(dá)的意義跟anyhow都相同，因而二者常可替換。又如：I am ing anyhow, no matter what others say．其中的no matter what others say是說(shuō)：不管其他人怎么說(shuō)。 anyhow的一種意思是：不管其他句子所說(shuō)的，本命題為真。注意：如果用 bad或poor替換appalling，生成的都是錯(cuò)誤的句子。用句通俗的話說(shuō)，是appalling conditions必定是bad (或unpleasant或poor)conditions，但是bad(或unpleasant或poor)conditions未必都是appalling conditions。bad，unpleasant和poor都可以跟condition搭配。dreadful有類似的意義。詞匯學(xué)習(xí)5：1．AShe is going bald．她日漸禿頂。The room is bare and empty．房間空蕩蕩的。His body is smooth and