【正文】 而ip addess 命令在同一個網(wǎng)絡(luò)接口fasterthernet0/0 上啟用IPv4地址。 在一個Cisco路由器上，同時分配了IPv4和IPv6地址的網(wǎng)絡(luò)接口被認(rèn)為是雙棧的接口，因此，路由器能夠轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)IPv4和IPv6數(shù)據(jù)包。雙棧策略主要涉及對網(wǎng)絡(luò)中路由器設(shè)備的改造，對于網(wǎng)絡(luò)中的主機(jī)可以不作任何改動，當(dāng)然這種情況下原有的IPv4主機(jī)不能和新的IPv6主機(jī)通信，如果需要通信可以將原有的IPv4主機(jī)改造為雙棧主機(jī)或采用地址/協(xié)議轉(zhuǎn)換方法。因此新增加的系統(tǒng)都愿意使用雙協(xié)議棧，因?yàn)樗茨軌蚝虸Pv4系統(tǒng)通信，也能夠與IPv6系統(tǒng)通信。發(fā)布支持IPv6的系統(tǒng)是以后IPv6推廣的第一步。應(yīng)用程序TCP/UDP協(xié)議IPv6協(xié)議 雙協(xié)議棧IPv6和IPv4是功能相近的網(wǎng)絡(luò)層協(xié)議，兩者都基于相同的物理平臺，而且加載于其上的傳輸層協(xié)議TCP和UDP又沒有任何區(qū)別。Internet工程組的IPng轉(zhuǎn)換策略工作組(IETF IPng Transition Working Group)討論了已經(jīng)給出的所有轉(zhuǎn)換策略，IPng總結(jié)了一下轉(zhuǎn)換技術(shù)主要分為三大類：雙協(xié)議棧技術(shù)，隧道技術(shù)和地址/協(xié)議轉(zhuǎn)換。例如在兩IPv6節(jié)點(diǎn)間的通信，骨干網(wǎng)絡(luò)是IPv4，最適合的方式是隧道技術(shù)。 Serial0/0表明R2路由器的鄰居有路由器R1，連接狀態(tài)為FULL，死亡時間還有33ms，鄰居的接口是Serial0/，連接狀態(tài)為FULL，死亡時間還有31ms，鄰居的接口是Serial0/1（4）ping ipv6命令測試網(wǎng)絡(luò)的連通性R1ping ipv6 2007:34::3Type escape sequence to abort.Sending 5, 100byte ICMP Echos to 2007:34::3, timeout is 2 seconds:!!!!!Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), roundtrip min/avg/max = 220/313/460 ms通過ping ipv6 2007:34::3表明路由器R1和R3可以相互通信R4ping ipv6 2007:12::1Type escape sequence to abort.Sending 5, 100byte ICMP Echos to 2007:12::1, timeout is 2 seconds:!!!!!Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), roundtrip min/avg/max = 220/273/428 ms通過ping ipv6 2007:12::1表明路由器R4和R1可以相互通信6 4 00:00:31 FULL/ 1 Interface Serial0/0表明R1路由器的鄰居是路由器R2，連接狀態(tài)為FULL，死亡時間還有32ms，鄰居的接口是Serial0/0。 4 Interface ID Dead Time State Pri（3）show ipv6 ospf neighbor 查看啟用了ospf路由器的鄰居R1show ipv6 ospf neighbor Neighbor IDconnected表示直連，static表示靜態(tài)，ospf 1表示啟用了ospf協(xié)議以及進(jìn)程號為1。 Serial0/1 Interfaces (Area 0):（2）show ipv6 protocols 查看路由器上啟用的進(jìn)程R3show ipv6 protocolsIPv6 Routing Protocol is connectedIPv6 Routing Protocol is staticIPv6 Routing Protocol is ospf 1 via FE80::5C10:8CFF:FEE0:FE89, Serial0/0觀察到了路由器R4中學(xué)習(xí)到的兩條路由條目。 via FE80::5C10:8CFF:FEE0:FE89, Serial0/0OI ON1 OSPF NSSA ext 1, ON2 OSPF NSSA ext 2OI O OSPF intra, OI OSPF inter, OE1 OSPF ext 1, OE2 OSPF ext 2 I1 ISIS L1, I2 ISIS L2, IA ISIS interarea, IS ISIS summary U Peruser Static route //宣告默認(rèn)路由（2）配置路由器R2R2conf tR2(config)ipv6 unicastroutingR2(config)ipv6 router ospf 1R2(configrtr)routerid R2(config)interface serial0/0R2(configif)ipv6 address 2007:12::2/64R2(configif)ipv6 ospf 1 area 1R2(configif)clock rate 128000R2(configif)no shutdownR2(config)interface serial0/1R2(configif)ipv6 address 2007:23::2/64R2(configif)ipv6 ospf 1 area 0R2(configif) clock rate 128000R2(configif)no shutdown（3）配置路由器R3R3conf tR3(config)ipv6 unicastroutingR3(config)ipv6 router ospf 1R3(configrtr)routerid R3(config)interface serial0/0R3(configif)ipv6 address 2007:34::3/64R3(configif)ipv6 ospf 1 area 2R3(configif)clock rate 128000R3(configif)no shutdownR3(config)interface serial0/1R3(configif)ipv6 address 2007:23::3/64R3(configif)ipv6 ospf 1 area 0R3(configif)no shutdown（4）配置路由器R4R4conf tR4(config)ipv6 unicastroutingR4(config)ipv6 router ospf 1R4(configrtr)routerid R4(config)interface gigabitEthernet0/0R4(configif)ipv6 address 2008:4444::4/64R4(configif)ipv6 ospf 1 area 2R4(configif)no shutdownR4(config)interface serial0/0R4(configif)ipv6 address 2007:34::4/64R4(configif)ipv6 ospf 1 area 2R4(configif)no shutdown實(shí)驗(yàn)調(diào)試：（1）show ipv6 route ospf 查看路由表中的ospf路由條目R4show ipv6 route ospfIPv6 Routing Table 8 entriesCodes: C Connected, L Local, S Static, R RIP, B BGP //在端口serial 0/0中啟用了ospfv3功能，并且區(qū)域是1R1(configif)no shutdownR1(config)ipv6 route ::/0 s0/1 //啟用ospfv3協(xié)議，進(jìn)程號是1R1(configrtr)routerid //啟用ipv6功能R1(config)ipv6 router ospf 1 tR1(config)ipv6 unicastrouting2007：12：：/64處于ospf區(qū)域1中，2007：23：：/64處于區(qū)域0中，2007：34：：/64處于區(qū)域2中。5．5 Redistribution: Serial0/0 Serial0/1 Interfaces: Split horizon is on。 Holddown lasts 0 seconds, garbage collect after 120 Updates every 30 seconds, expire after 180 Administrative distance is 120. Maximum paths is 16（4）show ipv6 rip 查看有哪些rip進(jìn)程，以及進(jìn)程的詳細(xì)信息R2show ipv6 rip RIP process cisco, port 521, multicastgroup FF02::9, pid 182 None可以觀察到路由器R3上啟用了哪些路由協(xié)議。 Serial0/0 Interfaces: via FE80::8C6D:22FF:FEFF:6F63, Serial0/0表明路由器R1學(xué)習(xí)到了三條rip路由條目，并可以看到它們處于的網(wǎng)段以及下一跳的IPv6地址（3）show ipv6 protocols 查看路由器中啟用的進(jìn)程R3show ipv6 protocols IPv6 Routing Protocol is connectedIPv6 Routing Protocol is staticIPv6 Routing Protocol is rip cisco 2008:4444::/64 [120/4] via FE80::8C6D:22FF:FEFF:6F63, Serial0/0R 2007:23::/64 [120/2] ON1 OSPF NSSA ext 1, ON2 OSPF NSSA ext 2R I1 ISIS L1, I2 ISIS L2, IA ISIS interarea, IS ISIS summaryR1show ipv6 route ripIPv6 Routing Table 10 entriesCodes: C Connected, L Local, S Static, R RIP, B BGP實(shí)驗(yàn)調(diào)試:（1）ping ipv6 //用靜態(tài)路由配置默認(rèn)路由（2) 配置路由器R2R2conf tR2(config)ipv6 unicastroutingR2(config)ipv6 router rip ciscoR2(configrtr)splithorizonR2(configrtr)poisonreverseR2(config)interface serial0/0R2(configif)ipv6 address 2007:12::2/64R2(configif)ipv6 rip cisco enableR2(configif)clock rate 128000 //配置時鐘賠率R2(configif)no shutdown(3) 配置路由器 R3R3conf tR3(config)ipv6 unicastroutingR3(config)ipv6 router rip ciscoR3(configrtr)splithorizonR3(configrtr)poisonreverseR3(config)interface serial0/0R3(configif)ipv6 address 2007:34::3/64R3(configif)ipv6 rip cisco enableR3(configif)clock rate 128000R3(configif)no shutdownR3(config)interface serial0/1R3(configif)ipv6 address 2007:23::3/64R3(configif)ipv6 rip cisco enableR3(configif)no shutdown（4）配置路由器R4R4conf t //向rip的區(qū)域內(nèi)注入一條默認(rèn)的路由R1(configif)no shutdownR1(config)ipv6 route ::/0 loopback0 //在端口上宣告rip協(xié)議R1(config)interface serial 0/0R1(configif)ipv6 address 2007:12::1/64R1(configif)ipv6 rip cisco enableR1(configif)ipv6 rip cisco defaultintformation originate //開