【正文】 取代 and的方法是改用逗號(hào)或從屬結(jié)構(gòu)，或者干脆省略。 having never traveled by plane before he suddenly felt nervous as the sky ominously turned from gray to black, and threatening bolts of lightning shot across the sky, and thunder echoed in the distance. Better: The plane was ready to take off. He had never traveled by plane and suddenly felt nervous as the sky turned ominously from gray to black. Threatening bolts of lightening shot across the sky, and thunder echoed in the distance. Rambling: We regret to inform you that inclement weather conditions in our area have caused us to reschedule all deliveries for the month of February so that we must also reschedule shipment of your order to February 16. Better: I’m sorry to let you know that a winter storm will delay shipment of your order until February 16. 松散句經(jīng)常有很多 and。對(duì)此可遵循一條好的原則：如果發(fā)現(xiàn)一個(gè)句子長(zhǎng)及兩到三行，則仔細(xì)考慮兩遍，它很可能要徹底改動(dòng)。（目的在于強(qiáng)調(diào)行為的承受者或忽略動(dòng)作的實(shí)施者） Good Passive: All the buildings were destroyed during the bombing （強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者） Good Passive:I resent being spoken to so rudely. (說(shuō)話者對(duì)此行為十分反感，并不針對(duì)某個(gè)人 ) Good Passive:Any person who attempts to escape will be shot. (旨在強(qiáng)調(diào) ) Good Passive:Apples are grown in Michigan, so are blueberries. (突出水果 ) Good Passive:Much has been written and much has been said, but nothing has been done. （雖然未出現(xiàn)動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者，但被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)更可?。? Good Passive:Scott Fitzgerald had written that his contemporaries grew up to find all Gods dead, all wars fought, all faiths in man shaken. (斜體字部分的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)氣用作形容詞，可與 dead保持平行 ) 2020 年 12 月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級(jí)寫(xiě)作： and 和松散句 Rambling Sentences and the ubiquitous and and和松散句 松散句在文章中隨處可見(jiàn)，難以消亡。 Weak Passive: He’ll need to be looked after. Strong Active: He’ll need looking after. Weak Passive: You’re going to be covered favorably by the press. Strong Active: You’re going to get fabulous press. Weak Passive: Do you remember when Nelson Mandela of South Africa was freed? Strong Active: Do you remember when Nelson Mandela of South Africa walked free? Weak Passive: Rumors of a broader deal between DailmerChrysler and Nissan Motor Co. have been spread far and wide. Strong Active: Rumors of a broader deal between DailmerChrysler and Nissan Motor Co. have gained currency. Weak Passive: His language was too bad to be repeated. Strong Active: His language wouldn’t bear repeating. Weak Passive: My shoes need to be mended. Strong Active: My shoes want mending. Weak Passive: Honey was gathered by the bee as it flitted from flower to flower. Strong Active: The bee, flitting from flower to flower, gathered honey. Weak Passive: What awaits him when a door is opened by him is known by no man. Surprises may be harbored in even the most familiar room. Strong Active: No man knows what awaits him when he opens a door。若謂語(yǔ)采用較弱的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，行為者往往被隱去大名，或顯得好像并不重要。如果是主語(yǔ)發(fā)出的動(dòng)作，謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)用主語(yǔ)語(yǔ)態(tài)；反之，如果主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作施加的對(duì)象，謂語(yǔ)則應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 2020 年 12 月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級(jí)寫(xiě)作：語(yǔ)態(tài)的隱含意義 Voice 語(yǔ)態(tài)的隱含意義 一般來(lái)說(shuō)，人們寫(xiě)作時(shí)只是出于文體或上下文一致的原因，才使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。好，當(dāng)然也可以把這個(gè) use 改成哪個(gè)單詞？稍微大一點(diǎn)的單詞，可以說(shuō)學(xué)生應(yīng)該學(xué)著會(huì)操作電腦，操作 operate 也是可以用的，不管怎么說(shuō)正確是第一要?jiǎng)?wù)。咱們古代漢語(yǔ)的文學(xué)形式，唐詩(shī)、宋詞、元曲很多地方根本不用注意語(yǔ)序，比如說(shuō)最典型 的唐詩(shī)有這樣的例子，這么兩句表示田園的詩(shī)，“平岡細(xì)草鳴黃犢，斜日寒林點(diǎn)暮鴉”像這樣的詩(shī)句，你去看它哪有什么語(yǔ)序可言?。咳绻娴呐判虻脑?，那可能是黃犢就是一頭小黃牛做主語(yǔ)，平岡細(xì)草鳴黃犢，就是一頭小黃牛在長(zhǎng)著細(xì)草的山坡上鳴叫，然后斜日寒林點(diǎn)暮鴉，也可能把暮鴉拿過(guò)來(lái)當(dāng)主語(yǔ)，按照英語(yǔ)的習(xí)慣，那可能是幾只晚歸的烏鴉點(diǎn)綴在寫(xiě)日映照下簫瑟的樹(shù)林之中，可是漢語(yǔ)根本不用講究語(yǔ)序，要往多了說(shuō)，還有這樣的例子漢語(yǔ)根本不用語(yǔ)序，只要你能看懂意思就行，有這樣兩句就是老外考的漢語(yǔ)四六級(jí)里面所出過(guò)的這樣個(gè)題，就是兩句唐詩(shī)，應(yīng)該是唐詩(shī)， 反正是中國(guó)的古體詩(shī)啊，叫做香稻啄余鸚鵡粒，碧梧棲老鳳凰枝，你這個(gè)東西要真看起來(lái)，根本沒(méi)有辦法說(shuō)這個(gè)語(yǔ)序的問(wèn)題，其實(shí)意思我們是能看懂的，就是鸚鵡啄香稻之余粒，碧梧棲鳳凰之老枝所以像這個(gè)的東西大概知道英語(yǔ)和漢語(yǔ)存在著這樣的差別，咱們漢語(yǔ)是很靈活的，不用講究語(yǔ)序，那么英語(yǔ)一定要遵守語(yǔ)法，要講究語(yǔ)序，所個(gè)這樣的錯(cuò)誤自然就可以避免了?？催@樣一個(gè)句子，這個(gè)句子其實(shí)你如果真的按照漢語(yǔ)念下來(lái)那絕對(duì)是比較順，比較舒服的，那就是 Why college studente 那么按照漢語(yǔ)就是為什么大學(xué)生后面花越來(lái)越多的時(shí)間，用在電腦上， 其實(shí)這個(gè)句子也有嚴(yán)重的錯(cuò)誤，大家要知道英語(yǔ)的句子除了有正常的語(yǔ)序，那自己也有倒裝語(yǔ)序，而且都規(guī)定的非常嚴(yán)格，倒裝可以分成兩種，全部倒裝和部分倒裝，全部倒裝就是把整個(gè)謂語(yǔ)提到主語(yǔ)之前，而部分倒裝就是把助動(dòng)詞或者形態(tài)動(dòng)詞系動(dòng)詞移到主語(yǔ)之前，這些規(guī)定的都非常詳細(xì)，所以呢我們?cè)谶@里是一個(gè)疑問(wèn)句所以 why 后面必須用倒裝語(yǔ)序，那就是把助動(dòng)詞先說(shuō)出來(lái)，如果這句話是用一般現(xiàn)代式的話， why 后面加一個(gè) do ，why do college students spend more and more time on the puter 所以一定要這樣說(shuō)。 不需多說(shuō)，那么剛才我們說(shuō)的是句子成分主語(yǔ)跟謂語(yǔ)缺一不可。好，漢語(yǔ)其實(shí)經(jīng)常沒(méi)有主語(yǔ)的句子，可是英語(yǔ)不行啊，你想表示下雨了，表示幾點(diǎn)鐘了，英語(yǔ)是不是都用哪個(gè)單詞來(lái)當(dāng)主語(yǔ)??？ it！它沒(méi)有主語(yǔ)的時(shí)候非得加一個(gè)形式主語(yǔ)，這個(gè)東西真是絕對(duì)是語(yǔ)言的一大差別，咱們漢語(yǔ)在傳統(tǒng)上來(lái)講就不能那么 的講究語(yǔ)法，大家知道中國(guó)的第一本語(yǔ)法書(shū)是什么時(shí)候才有的呢？也是清朝，清炒的馬建中寫(xiě)的《馬氏文通》那是中國(guó)的第一語(yǔ)法書(shū)，其實(shí)咱們中國(guó)人說(shuō)話并不非常講究語(yǔ)法，什么主語(yǔ)啊，謂語(yǔ)啊，我只要能表達(dá)出意思就行，這東西就跟中國(guó)人穿衣服一樣，其實(shí)西服根本不是咱們中國(guó)人傳統(tǒng)的衣服，西服你看那么板正是吧，那個(gè)線條那個(gè)體型就卡的非常緊，然后前面系的領(lǐng)帶就跟驢套一樣是吧，咱們中國(guó)人傳統(tǒng)的衣服根本不是這個(gè)樣子的，其實(shí)就是我們所說(shuō)的中山服那也不是傳統(tǒng)的中國(guó)衣服，那是孫中山把日本的水兵服給改造過(guò)來(lái)了，真正的中國(guó)人傳統(tǒng)的衣服唐裝可以算，其 實(shí)還有我認(rèn)為就是魯迅那會(huì)兒穿的那種長(zhǎng)袍，那個(gè)才是最典型的，你說(shuō)那個(gè)長(zhǎng)袍多舒服，就一個(gè)筒就下來(lái)了，然后一般的都是這種絲綢質(zhì)料的，你愛(ài)怎么動(dòng)怎么動(dòng)愛(ài)干什么干什么，所以咱們中國(guó)人說(shuō)話是很舒服的，所以像這樣的東西，但是我們寫(xiě)的是英語(yǔ)，你要按照英語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)法辦