論文資料-----計算機應用軟件外文翻譯資料(參考版)
2024-11-04 08:43本頁面
【正文】 FORTRAN piler accept FORTRAN source, also produced machines goals module。 Application software 1 What is the software Readers know that the operating system is a collection of software modules, these modules plete support functions, effectively separating the users and hardware. In this paper, the software into more general discussion. In this paper, readers do not expect the church how the procedures, the reader should not intend to read an entry through a chapter book for the Institute procedures. The intent of this paper to readers through machinelevel display in what is the procedure, and then briefly discuss the development of a procedure when programmers should follow the process so as to those who often seek to reveal the secret of the software. Let us start from the definition, the process is a process guided by puter for a group of instructions. Instructions tell each machine to plete its basic functions in one. If adds, subtracts, multiplies, in addition, parison, replication, importation request or request output. Readers know that the cycle in each processor machines removed and the implementation of a directive. A typical directive contains an operation code and a group of several operations, the operation code provides for the functions to be pleted, the operation of several provisions of the stored data to be dealt with the memory cell address or register numbers. For example: 3,4 directive ADD Tell a hypothetical puter to register R3 and R4 sum of the contents. As puter instruction set such a limited function, or even a simple logic operations also need some instructions. For example, suppose two data values stored in the main memory, in many machines to put them together, we must first two numerical loaded in the register, then add the contents of the register, before sending it back to the main results of depositors. This will use four instructions LOAD, LOAD, ADD and STORE. If the two numbers add up to four instructions on the needs of the imagination in a plete process of the number of instructions. The puter is stored in main memory in their program. Because a number of main memory storage, procedures must be in the form of binary code. Figure 1 shows the binary machinelevel instructions, is needed on the cases of four instructions: Numerical loaded to the two registers, then put them together and the results of the middle. If programmers must use procedures for the machine language, then there would be almost no one can do the programmers. 2 programming language assembly language Using assembly language programming is an option. For example, Figure 2 display IBM mainframe assembler how to add two numbers. A machine for each programmer to write a directive x87 instructions. AR (the contents of the register together) than the equivalent of the binary number 000110101 easy operation memory。有些人發(fā)現(xiàn)編程容易，還有些人發(fā)現(xiàn)編程序極困 難。 正如一種樂器的初步知識能增長你對音樂的欣賞水平一樣，知道了如何編程序能使你成為一個比較有效率的計算機用戶。同樣，知道如何編程序也不是使用計算機的先決條件。維護的關(guān)鍵是認真的計劃，完整的文檔資料和優(yōu)良的程序設計。更為重要的維護是為了適應現(xiàn)時應用的需要而修改程序。由于不可能徹底地測試許多大程序。最有用的是出現(xiàn)在程序中的注釋，這些注釋列舉出并解釋了邏輯關(guān)系。再重復一次，精心的編程設計是關(guān)鍵，優(yōu)良的設計可簡化程序的調(diào)試。編譯程序或解釋程序通常能發(fā)現(xiàn)這些錯誤，較困難的是發(fā)現(xiàn)并 糾正邏輯錯誤，這類錯誤是由于采用錯誤的指令而引起的。 調(diào)試和文檔編寫 程序一旦編成，程序員就必須調(diào)試它。編程的真正秘密不是簡單地編寫指令，而是要思考接下來該寫什么指令，這就需要邏輯性。 編寫程序 在實施階段，程序員把問題的解法轉(zhuǎn)換成用某種編程語言寫成的一系列源語句，而每一種編程語言都有它自己的語法、標點和拼寫規(guī)則。一個良好的起點總是首先確定求解問題的一個小型方案．通過實際求解的這一算法，甚至是在規(guī)模上有限的一個算法。 4. 2 編排 算法確定了必須做的事情，接下來的任務是決定如
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