【正文】 與通用計算機相對?！　mbedded system（嵌入式系統(tǒng)）A bination of puter hardware and software, and perhaps additional mechanical or other parts, designed to perform a dedicated function. In some cases, embedded systems are part of a larger system or product, as is the case of an antilock braking system in a car. Contrast with generalpurpose ，或許還加上機械等其他部分，被設計來完成專門的功能?！　PROM（可擦的，可編程的只讀存儲器）Erasable, Programmable ReadOnly Memory. A type of ROM that can be erased by exposing it to ultraviolet light. Once erased, an EPROM can be reprogrammed with the help of a device 。　　EEPROM（電可擦的，可編程的只讀存儲器）Electrically Erasable, Programmable ReadOnly Memory. (PronouncedDoubleEPROM.) A type of ROM that can be erased electronically.電可擦的，可編程的只讀存儲器。除了標準的微處理器指令外，DSP常常支持復雜指令集去非?？斓赝瓿赏ㄓ玫男盘柼幚碛嬎?。典型地，可編程設備被插到設備編程器的接口上，接著內(nèi)存緩存器中的內(nèi)容被傳送到它里面。device driver（設備驅動程序）A software module that hides the details of a particular peripheral and provides a highlevel programming interface to it. 一個軟件模塊，它隱藏特定外設的細節(jié)并提供高級的外設編程接口。你能使用除錯器下載軟件到目標機并直接運行?！　ebugger（除錯器）A software development tool used to test and debug embedded software. The debugger runs on a host puter and connects to the target through a serial port or network connection. Using a debugger you can download software to the target for immediate execution. You can also set breakpoints and examine the contents of specific memory locations and ，被用來對嵌入式軟件進行測試和除錯。除錯監(jiān)視程序提供一個簡單的命令集來顯示和內(nèi)存地址和寄存器、建立和移除斷點，并且運行你的程序?！　ebug monitor（除錯監(jiān)視程序）A piece of embedded software that has been designed specifically for use as a debugging tool. It usually resides in ROM and municates with a debugger via a serial port or network connection. The debug monitor provides a set of primitive mands to view and modify memory locations and registers, create and remove breakpoints, and execute your program. The debugger bines these primitives to fulfill higherlevel requests like program download and 。如果死鎖發(fā)生，唯一解決的方法是重啟動硬件。請看實時系統(tǒng)。當一個處理器想去寫（讀）某一特定外設中的存儲器地址或寄存器中的內(nèi)容時，處理器設置地址總線并在數(shù)據(jù)總線上接收（傳輸）內(nèi)容。刷新周期一般由一個叫DRAM控制器的外設完成?！　RAM（動態(tài)隨機訪問存儲器）Dynamic RandomAccess Memory. A type of RAM that maintains its contents only as long as the data stored in the device is refreshed at regular refresh cycles are usually performed by a peripheral called a DRAM 。一種直接在兩個外設（通常是內(nèi)存和I/O設備）之間進行數(shù)據(jù)傳輸?shù)募夹g，它只要處理器最少的介入。交叉編譯器在主機上運行并且產(chǎn)生目標機的目標代碼。參照：競爭狀況。相對二元信號而言?！　ounting semaphore（計數(shù)信號）　A type of semaphore that is used to track multiple resources of the same type. An attempt to take a counting semaphore is blocked only if all of the available resources are in use. Contrast with binary 。上下文切換包括保存正在運行的任務的上下文和恢復早先保存的另一個任務的上下文。　　context （上下文）The current state of the processors registers and 。處理器中執(zhí)行指令的那一部分。相對于RISC而言。CISC處理器一般產(chǎn)生變長的指令，多種地址格式，并且僅僅有少量的通用寄存器。2　　CISC（復雜指令集計算機）Complex Instruction Set Computer. Describes the architecture of a processor family. CISC processors generally feature variablelength instructions, multiple addressing formats, and contain only a small number of generalpurpose 　　registers. Intels 80x86 family is the quintessential example of CISC. Contrast with ?！　reakpoint （斷點）A location in a program at which execution is to be stopped and control of the processor switched to the debugger. Mechanisms for creating and removing breakpoints are provided by most debugging ，在那里程序的執(zhí)行被停止，并且處理器的控制轉換到了除錯程序?！　ondout processor （外合處理器）A special version of a processor that has some of the internal signals brought out to external pins. A bondout processor is most often found within an 　emulator and is never intended to be used in a production system. 一種特殊版本的處理器，它有一些，內(nèi)部的信號能傳達到外置的針腳上。典型地，板卡支持包的樣例源程序由包開發(fā)者提供。也叫互斥信號。 Memory Controller Hub，圖形和內(nèi)存控制中心） GPIs（General Purpose Inputs，普通操作輸入） ICH（Input/Output Controller Hub，輸入/輸出控制中心） IR（infrared ray，紅外線） IrDA（infrared ray，紅外線通信接口可進行局域網(wǎng)存取和文件共享） ISA: Industry Standard Architecture，工業(yè)標準架構 ISA（instruction set architecture，工業(yè)設置架構） MDC（Mobile Daughter Card，移動式子卡） MRHR（Memory Repeater Hub，內(nèi)存數(shù)據(jù)處理中心） MRHS（SDRAM Repeater Hub，SDRAM數(shù)據(jù)處理中心） MTH（Memory Transfer Hub，內(nèi)存轉換中心） NGIO（Next Generation Input/Output，新一代輸入/輸出標準） P64H（64bit PCI Controller Hub，64位PCI控制中心） PCB（printed circuit board，印刷電路板） PCBA（Printed Circui