【正文】 eg. She had only been studying her lesson for 10 minutes when her little sister interrupted her. 她溫習(xí)功課不過(guò)10分鐘，她的小妹妹就把她打斷了。注意： 和過(guò)去完成時(shí)一樣，過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)后也可接“突然”意義的從句（此從句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。eg. The telephone had been ringing for three minutes before it was answered. 電話鈴響了三分鐘，才有人接。eg. I had been looking for it for days before I found it. 這個(gè)東西，我找了很多天才找著。eg. They put an end to the miserable life we had been living. 他們結(jié)束了我們苦難的生活。田地都被水淹了?！綤ey structure】過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)：had been + ving表示過(guò)去某時(shí)以前一直在進(jìn)行的一個(gè)動(dòng)作。appear eg. The ad. will appear in tomorrow’s paper. 這廣告將出現(xiàn)在明天的報(bào)紙上。in place 適當(dāng)?shù)?，在適當(dāng)?shù)奈恢蒙蟚g. I like to have everthing in place. 我喜歡樣樣事都能恰得其所。order sb. about/around 不斷驅(qū)使 ……做……order sb. off （體）罰……退場(chǎng)；勒令……退出比賽order sb. out 下令出動(dòng)（軍警）（尤為平息暴亂等）6. The seed was sprayed over the ground in huge quantities by aeroplanes. in huge/large quantities 大量7. The planes had been planting seed for nearly a month when it began to rain. plant/sow seed 播種go to seed/ run to seed（指植物）花謝結(jié)子；（喻）衰??；（能力，效力等）減弱eg. He started to drink too much and gradually ran to seed. 他喝酒過(guò)多，身體逐漸衰弱了。3）（在旅館，飯店等）叫（飯菜，飲料等）eg. I’ve ordered a steak. 我要了一份牛排。eg. The doctor ordered me to stay in bed. 醫(yī)生吩咐我臥床休息。[擴(kuò)展]ground 土地，地面eg. The ball fell to the ground. 球掉到地上了。注意：for是并列連詞，引出的原因較間接，似乎是事后所想到的補(bǔ)充解釋的理由，只陳述一般推斷的理由，不一定表示產(chǎn)生結(jié)果的必然原因，主要放在兩個(gè)并列句之間，because 通常表示直接的原因。eg. As it was late, we came back soon. 由于時(shí)間很晚了，我們很快就回來(lái)了。eg. Now that you are busy, let me do it for you. 既然你很忙，就讓我給你做吧。because 引導(dǎo)的從句表示直接而明確的原因和理由，表示按因果關(guān)系的推斷，語(yǔ)氣很強(qiáng)，用來(lái)回答why 的問(wèn)題，一般位于主句之后。since （既然）語(yǔ)氣較弱，強(qiáng)調(diào)已知的事實(shí)：eg. Since you can’t answer the question, I will ask someone else. 既然你回答不出這個(gè)問(wèn)題，我就問(wèn)別人了。eg. It must be morning for the birds are singing. 一定是清晨了，因?yàn)轼B(niǎo)兒在叫for + 名詞，因……理由，為了……eg. She was angry with him for being late 她因?yàn)樗t到而生氣eg. He jumped for joy at the news. 聽(tīng)到這個(gè)消息他高興地蹦了起來(lái)。eg. It came on to rain.（The rain came on） 雨季來(lái)臨了。be covered witheg. Our apple tree is covered with fruit. 我們的蘋(píng)果樹(shù)果實(shí)累累。cover v. 覆蓋，遮掩eg. She covered her face with her hands. 她用手捂住臉。2. A short time before, great trees had covered the countryside for miles around. a short time before 不久以前=a short while before=not long beforegreat trees 參天大樹(shù)great adj. 大的，偉大的(除了大還有“重要的”含義)eg. The Parthenon is a great(important) building. 帕臺(tái)農(nóng)神殿（希臘用以祭祀雅典娜女神的神廟） 是座重要的建筑?！菊n文講解】1. Firemen had been fighting the forest for nearly three weeks before they could get it under control.had been fighting 在過(guò)去的三周一直在和大火搏斗fight the fire 和大火搏斗 fight for liberation 為解放而戰(zhàn) fight against cancer 與癌癥作斗爭(zhēng) fight a good fight 打一場(chǎng)漂亮的仗 have a fight 打架，戰(zhàn)斗win a fight 贏得一場(chǎng)戰(zhàn)斗lose a fight 輸?shù)粢粓?chǎng)戰(zhàn)斗get … under control (= bring … under control)control vt. 管理eg He controls a large pany. 他管理一家大公司。bl230。centuries ago 幾個(gè)世紀(jì)之前 [p230。put down new roots 在新的地方立足root and branch 完全地，徹底地3) v. 使……生根，使……扎根eg. Does this plant root e