【正文】 要全方位地選擇論據(jù)，選擇恰當(dāng)?shù)牟牧蠟槟愕挠^點服務(wù)?！彼徽Z道破了問題的關(guān)鍵，演講者所說的要和你的聽眾拉近距離，講一些本地發(fā)生的事情，發(fā)生的事情對聽眾產(chǎn)生了什么樣的影響，用當(dāng)?shù)氐奈幕?、理念來解釋你的觀點，這樣更容易在聽眾中產(chǎn)生共鳴?！比欢谝淮伪荣愔?，一位來自美國的演講專家在做點評時說到，“不用擔(dān)心我們會不了解，或聽不懂。有很多學(xué)生舉例子或引用別人的話時，往往愿意用國外的例子或國外名人說的話來支持他們的論點。 演講的支持材料最好是聽眾熟悉的，貼近聽眾，不僅有利于聽眾理解、接受和吸收你的信息，而且容易產(chǎn)生共鳴。不切題的即興演講絕不會得高分。的確，在賽前要做充分的準(zhǔn)備，準(zhǔn)備各個領(lǐng)域的數(shù)據(jù)、例子、權(quán)威專家的話等，做好充分的調(diào)研，以便在比賽中游刃有余。這個故事占了整個演講的三分之二，然后很牽強地把這個故事和她抽到的題目聯(lián)系在一起。 所選擇的支持材料要為你的中心觀點或主題服務(wù)，不能偏離這一點，不能跑題。 在選擇使用論據(jù)時，尤其是在競賽當(dāng)中，需要特別注意以下兩個原則。那么應(yīng)該選擇哪種類型的例子來做論據(jù)呢？在比賽現(xiàn)場上進行即興演講時，最切實可行的、最容易做到的就是用自己或自己周圍發(fā)生的例子來說明你的觀點，信手拈來，不用絞盡腦汁，演講起來最自如，最自信；這樣做無形之中也強化了自己的可信度，比較容易打動聽眾。對于即興演講來說，現(xiàn)場能夠找到恰當(dāng)?shù)慕y(tǒng)計數(shù)字是非常困難的。在即興演講中，更要注意這兩點。這些都是賽前的準(zhǔn)備工作，應(yīng)多積累、豐富自己的知識內(nèi)容，強化自己的觀點。 題目的范圍之大之廣對參賽選手提出了很高的要求。通過這幾個題目，大致可以看出即興演講的題目涉及方方面面，從經(jīng)濟、政治、教育、文化、人生到國際問題，包羅萬象。內(nèi)容 在討論即興演講的內(nèi)容之前，先了解幾個在近幾年大賽即興演講中出現(xiàn)的題目。這些原則對所有類型的演講都適用，即興演講也不例外。思維能力是指選手在毫無準(zhǔn)備的情況下對某一問題的分析能力，對問題理解的深度和寬度等；邏輯能力主要指選手是否有全局觀，是否能合理搭筑整個演講的框架，所闡述觀點的層次性是否清晰；而語言能力則是指選手即席用英語進行交流溝通的能力，可檢驗選手的英語語言熟練度和準(zhǔn)確度如何。如果參賽選手想要取得優(yōu)秀的成績，那么就一定要在該部分取得高分。據(jù)演講者本人介紹，這與她所在的學(xué)校要求學(xué)生做很多即興的presentationn 即興演講（impromptu speech），顧名思義，就是指臨場的、毫無準(zhǔn)備的演講。通篇邏輯十分的清晰，而且演講人娓娓道來，絲毫沒有演講的做作，卻又極富感染力。外教社杯”全國英語演講比賽季軍的香港選手張阿旭的即興演講。通過Ladies and gentlemen提示聽眾演講接近尾聲，重提主持人的問題，以告知聽眾她一直圍繞這個主題展開演講，給聽眾一個完整的結(jié)尾。t it something good?結(jié)尾，進一步強化了演講人的觀點。t that something good? Ladies and gentlemen, it is what I think for that struggle for stardom. Thank you very much. 結(jié)論部分是one—sentence review of the points she presented in her talk．由“為當(dāng)明星而打拼”引申到一般意義上的競爭，既緊扣主題，又加以升華。s no petition, well, we have to have whatever is given to us. When there39。有立有廢，論證嚴(yán)謹(jǐn) Ladies and gentlemen, well, I think the petition is also good. When there39。s a chart telling the people how many...well, how much those stars in China are making, l/Veil, if you are only attracted by those statistics, by the figures, the money, well, then, I do not think you can be a star. There are people who have a genuine interest in being a singer, like there are people who have been taking acting classes, who have been acting in secondary schools, in college like that. They have a genuine interest. Yet, then go for it. 本段討論了成為明星的第三個素質(zhì)：感興趣[genuine Interest]，并且列舉了生活中的一些實例[people only interested in money rather than film industry)來論證自己的觀點。s a job that everybody can work for it if you really want it. But there are qualities that you need to possess if you want to be a star. Of Course you have to be hardworking, like Andy Lau, like Chow Yun Fat. They39。s nothing wrong if you want to be a star. It39。這兩句話Al lover the world．All over Asia．若能調(diào)換順序，就更加順暢。這種演講技巧十分重要，因為在短暫的幾十秒鐘內(nèi)談?wù)撘粋€十分陌生的話題，實在有難度，但是這位演講者的巧妙過渡，既沒有跑題，又談了熟悉的話題，因此這種技巧值得學(xué)習(xí)。并且在臨場仍然明確地區(qū)分struggle和strive，顯示出演講人深厚的語言功底。t give up. They have been working hard all the way. And now they are famous. All over the world. All over Asia. And are they proud of themselves? Well, I suppose so. But still they work very hard. Look at Andy Lau. He39。t it a bit too negative? I think better word for it is strive. Being a star is also profession. It is also a job that you need to work hard at. Success does not e easy. Well, if we take a look at famous actors and actresses such as lackie Chart, Chow Yun Fat, Andy Lau, Tony Lun, they are all in their midforties, and even fifties. Yet, what do they have in mon? When they first became..., when they first started their careers as a star, or as an actor, they were described as Cinema Poison, meaning nobody would see their films. But did they give up? No, they didn39。本段對general public和Andy Lau不同態(tài)度的對 比，可以引起聽眾的思考。并且演講人Support points with specifics．以典型的例子支持論點。s not easy. 這里演講人以演唱比賽為切人點，以小男孩的參舞，點出了香港人對當(dāng)明星十分熱衷。m sure all of you blow him, tile famous singer and actor when he read the newspaper, he said, Wow, that39。And there39。這種角度的變換使演講者的劣勢變成了優(yōu)勢。演講者是香港人，雖然她對主持人所問的內(nèi)地的情況不甚了解，是一大劣勢，但她卻巧妙的地使用but轉(zhuǎn)而談到香港的情況；also的使用使演講的主題不變。m not really familiar with the struggle for stardom thing in China. But in the city where I e from, there is this also as cutthroat as the one in Beijing here petition going on, and perhaps I can share with you the experience we have there. Let me tell you something. In the city where I e from, there is this famous singing petition going on every week. And what they do is that pick the best one, and the best one goes to the next week and it goes on and on until one day that person is eliminated. 開場白中difficult的使用充分顯示了演講人的機智。這一段中也出現(xiàn)了較為明顯的問題。至此就分別從文學(xué)作品、社會、個人三個方面透徹地闡釋了演講人的觀點。這樣就使演講personalized，so that audience can relate more easily to personal topics—they probably have similar experiences． And the second reason is that we are not living in a world where everything is depicted as good. We are living in a world of good and evil, evil and holy. So, to that extent, if I am confined in a world where everything is depicted as good, I will feel quite perplexed when I am facing the real world. Does the real world really resemble what I read in the novel? We need something positive, also we need something cynical. And the third reason is that our generation, I believe, have the sense of selfdiscipline. We can make our own decision. For our parents, for our families and for the government, they should resume, assume the responsibility to remind us that what is good, what is bad, what is cynical Make our voice be heard. This is my answer and I am not afraid of tile side effects of those literature. Thank you very much. 本段談?wù)撗葜v人的第二個觀點：世界亦非完美無暇，文學(xué)就應(yīng)該反應(yīng)真實的世界。首先指出第一個作品本身亦有其可取之處。s novel and The Cateber in the Rye, because they expressed the attitude as our teenagers and adolescents we feel about the world. Now let me give you my three reasons, why we can read this kind of a book and f am not afraid of tile fears of the side effect. First, those literatures are not all bad. They have some positive points. They advocate friendship, love, loyalty, and so on. One of my roommates even cried after reading those books, He said that it is the first.., it was the fir