[英語考試]過去分詞和現在分詞語法總結(參考版)
2025-03-26 02:12本頁面
【正文】 （此句中的seated不能寫成seating，但可以寫成sitting )I saw her enter the room, sit in a chair, open a book and begin to read.我看見她走進房間，坐在一把椅子上打開一本書開始讀起來了。He found them change the city.（X）Please be seated. ＝Please sit down. 請坐下。He found a wallet lying on the ground.（現在分詞）．他發(fā)現地上有一個錢包。 表動作正在進行，主動關系I watched the boy cross the street. → The boy was watched to cross the street. 我觀察這個小孩過馬路The teacher let the students write the position at class.→ The students were let（to）write the position at class.老師讓學生們課上寫作文。When he was decorating his house, he had some workers paint his bedroom first.（不定式作賓補） 表動作已結束，主動關系當他裝修他的房子時，他首先讓工人們把臥室粉刷一新。Do you hear someone calling you？（現在分詞）表動作正在進行，是主動句 一你聽見有人叫你嗎？ （＝ Someone is calling you, do you hear？） Yes, I did. 1 heard him call me several times.（不定式）表動作已結束，是主動句 一 是的，我聽見他叫了我?guī)状瘟薕h, you mean you hear your name called several times. （過去分詞）兩者是被動關系，且動作已結束（＝Your name was called several times, do you hear？）一哦，你的意思是他已經叫了你幾次了。t make myself heard because a lot of people cried in the hall.因為大廳中有許多人大聲喊叫,我講話別人聽不見。s meaning clear to others使別人聽懂自己講的話 make oneself heard使別人能聽得見自己的話I can’t make myself understood because of my broken ，我不能用英語表達我的意思。（只是一種經歷）Li Ming had his bike stolen. 李明的自行車被偷了。How often do you have（get）your hair cut？ 你每隔多久理一次發(fā)？（不是自己理的）He had some pictures taken in the 。）You39。比較：He took some pictures in the 。my name called =My name was called.轉換成的句子是個被動句，是過去時，表示這一動作已經結束）We found the snake eating the eggs. ＝the snake was eating the eggs. 我們發(fā)現蛇正在吃雞蛋someone calling me＝Someone was calling me．如果譯換成句子，是個主動句，是進行時）I heard my name called. 我聽見我的名字被叫。I heard someone calling me. 我聽見有人在叫我。 常用的動詞有：感覺動詞：hear, see, notice, watch, feel, find, leave…使役動詞：make, let, have, get, keep1. 現在分詞和過去分詞作賓補的區(qū)別 現在分詞與句子的賓語是上動關系，它表示動作的進行。 賓語補足語，又簡稱為賓補，是在賓語后面，補充說明賓語的意義的成分，與賓語有邏輯上的主謂關系。說明：不定式作定語：words to say① to say只能放在words后面② 兩者有邏輯上的動賓關系兩者存在著邏輯上的動賓關系( say words說一些話）(to say是不定式的一般式，表示的動作和謂語動作同時發(fā)生）主 語 謂 語 賓 語 賓語補足語（賓補）I heard a bell ringing some where.我聽見鈴鐺在什么地方響。）說明：動名詞作定語：sleeping car① 只有sleeping重讀② 不能變成定語從句③ 兩詞沒有邏輯上的主謂關系Please go to the sleeping car.（動名詞作定語）請到臥鋪車廂。邏輯上的主語（sleeping boy= the boy is sleeping）= Look at the boy who is sleeping（定語從句）( sleeping是主動語態(tài)的現在分詞，在時間上，它表示sleep這一動作與謂語動詞look的動作同時發(fā)生。Goods imported from abroad are not always better than those made in China. 進口的商品并不一定比國產的好。因此要符合卜列條
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