【正文】 examinations in the late 1980s by the Conservative Party government, replacing the Certificate of Secondary Education (CSE) and GCE Ordinary Level (OLevel) examinations. ? In secondary schools, GCSEs are pulsory in the core subjects and are more mon qualification taken by 14–16yearold students. The only requirement is that in state schools English, mathematics, science, religious education and physical education are studied during Key Stage 4 (the GCSE years of school). In England and Northern Ireland, students following the national curriculum (pulsory in state schools) must also study some form of information munication technology (ICT), and citizenship. In Wales, Welsh (as a first or second language) must also be studied. These subjects do not have to be taught for any examination (or even be discrete lessons), though it is normal for at least English, mathematics and science to be studied to GCSE level Religious education ? the teaching of a particular religion and its varied aspects —its beliefs, doctrines, rituals, customs, rites, and personal roles. ? Not academic collective worship ? All state schools (Primary, Secondary and Special), are required by law to provide daily collective worship for all pupils, including those in Reception and post16 provision. The Education Reform Act (1988) and DfEE Circular 1994 state that collective worship should be: Daily Broadly Christian in character Allow individual worship of a supreme being Accord special status to the person of Jesus Christ Encourage participation by the children All children should attend ? Collective Worship is different from Corporate Worship. In Corporate Worship a group of people with a similar faith meet together in a special building to join in the same act of worship. Collective Worship however usually takes place in the school building, either in an assembly or in a daily gathering of the pupils in one class. ? Collective Worship is also different from RE: RE has to follow an Agreed Syllabus, including teaching on different faiths, Collective Worship does not。 ? 羅德獎學金是一個世界性的獎學金，每年都在 13個國家，選取 85名優(yōu)秀大學生去英國牛津攻讀。獲得者包括比爾 Rhodes Scholarships ? 羅茲獎學金 （ Rhodes Scholarships），也譯為 羅德獎學金 或 羅氏獎學金 ，是塞西爾 它是由 Lord Weidenfeld和 Ronnie Grierson在 1990年至 1991年間發(fā)起的，目的是通過促進包括牛津大學在內的十所歐洲大學的學術研究來推動歐洲高等教育的整體進步。此集團得名于葡萄牙的科英布拉大學，這是歐洲最古老的大學之一。s College London, University of London ? University College London, University of London ? University of Leeds ? University of Liverpool ? London School of Economics and Political Science, University of London ? University of Manchester ? Newcastle University ? University of Nottingham ? Queen39。羅素集團在英國的地位相當于美國的常春藤大學。 ? the first postgraduate degreeMaster Master of Arts and Master of Science ? the second postgraduate