freepeople性欧美熟妇, 色戒完整版无删减158分钟hd, 无码精品国产vα在线观看DVD, 丰满少妇伦精品无码专区在线观看,艾栗栗与纹身男宾馆3p50分钟,国产AV片在线观看,黑人与美女高潮,18岁女RAPPERDISSSUBS,国产手机在机看影片

正文內(nèi)容

城市污水處理廠設(shè)計(jì)畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(參考版)

2025-01-21 16:02本頁(yè)面
  

【正文】 Doddema, H. J.。膜理論的應(yīng)用、深池水力條件和工藝性能的研究為降低工程造價(jià)、提高耐寒耐毒性能等提供了可能的方向。提高表曝機(jī)、水下推進(jìn)器的性能,減少維修工作量;利用DO、ORP等多目標(biāo)監(jiān)控技術(shù)及變頻技術(shù)是今后Carrousel氧化溝科學(xué)運(yùn)行的必由之路。例如在氧化溝中投加EM專一菌種、投入鐵鹽使微生物馴化成生物鐵、投入活性炭增強(qiáng)菌膠團(tuán)的形成并提高耐毒性沖擊等。這樣不僅可以提高單位反應(yīng)器的微生物總量,從而提高有機(jī)負(fù)荷,而且生物膜本身具有的內(nèi)置A/O系統(tǒng)強(qiáng)化了脫氮效果[18]。作者認(rèn)為:Carrousel氧化溝的未來(lái)研究方向?qū)⒅饕w現(xiàn)在以下幾方面。6. 結(jié)論Carrousel氧化溝由于具有良好的出磷脫氮能力、抗沖擊負(fù)荷能力和運(yùn)行管理方便等優(yōu)點(diǎn),已經(jīng)得到了廣泛的應(yīng)用。這之外是有三個(gè)曝氣器和一個(gè)預(yù)反硝化池的Carrousel 2000系統(tǒng)(如圖2 所示)。  Carrousel 3000系統(tǒng)的較大提高表現(xiàn)在:一是增加了池深,~8m,同心圓式,池壁共用,減少了占地面積,降低造價(jià)同時(shí)提高了耐低溫能力(可達(dá)7℃);二是曝氣設(shè)備的巧妙設(shè)計(jì),表曝機(jī)下安裝導(dǎo)流筒,抽吸缺氧的混合液,采用水下推進(jìn)器解決流速問(wèn)題;三是使用了先進(jìn)的曝氣控制器QUTE(它采用一種多變量控制模式)。 Carrousel 3000系統(tǒng)  Carrousel 3000系統(tǒng)是在Carrousel 2000系統(tǒng)前再加上一個(gè)生物選擇區(qū)。微孔曝氣型Carrousel 2000系統(tǒng)則采用了水下推流的方式,即把潛水推進(jìn)器葉輪產(chǎn)生的推動(dòng)力直接作用于水體,在起推流作用的同時(shí)又可有效防止污泥的沉降。根據(jù)目前鼓風(fēng)機(jī)生產(chǎn)廠家的技術(shù)能力,池的有效水深最大可達(dá)8m,因此可根據(jù)不同的工藝要求選取合適的水深。目前,研究及應(yīng)用較多的包括以下兩種類型:微孔曝氣型Carrousel 2000系統(tǒng)、Carrousel 3000系統(tǒng)。設(shè)置水下推動(dòng)器專門(mén)用于推動(dòng)混合液可以使氧化溝的運(yùn)行方式更加靈活,這對(duì)于節(jié)約能源、提高效率具有十分重要的意義[14]。導(dǎo)流板與其他改善措施相比,不僅不會(huì)增加動(dòng)力消耗和運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)成本,而且還能夠較大幅度地提高充氧能力和理論動(dòng)力效率[13]。上游導(dǎo)流板安裝在距轉(zhuǎn)盤(pán)(轉(zhuǎn)刷)(上游),導(dǎo)流板高度為水深的1/5~1/6,并垂直于水面安裝;下游導(dǎo)流板安裝在距轉(zhuǎn)盤(pán)(轉(zhuǎn)刷)。與氧化溝水深(~)相比,轉(zhuǎn)刷只占了水深的1/10~1/12,轉(zhuǎn)盤(pán)也只占了1/6~1/7,因此造成氧化溝上部流速較大(~,甚至更大),而底部流速很?。ㄌ貏e是在水深的2/3或3/4以下,混合液幾乎沒(méi)有流速),致使溝底大量積泥(),大大減少了氧化溝的有效容積,降低了處理效果,影響了出水水質(zhì)。一般認(rèn)為,~。污泥沉降性差,可投加混凝劑或惰性物質(zhì),改善沉淀性;如進(jìn)水負(fù)荷大應(yīng)減小進(jìn)水量或加大回流量;如污泥顆粒細(xì)小可降低曝氣機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速;如發(fā)現(xiàn)反硝化,應(yīng)減小曝氣量,增大回流或排泥量;如發(fā)現(xiàn)污泥腐化,應(yīng)加大曝氣量,清除積泥,并設(shè)法改善池內(nèi)水力條件[12]。 污泥上浮問(wèn)題  當(dāng)廢水中含油量過(guò)大,整個(gè)系統(tǒng)泥質(zhì)變輕,在操作過(guò)程中不能很好控制其在二沉池的停留時(shí)間,易造成缺氧,產(chǎn)生腐化污泥上??;當(dāng)曝氣時(shí)間過(guò)長(zhǎng),在池中發(fā)生高度硝化作用,使硝酸鹽濃度高,在二沉池易發(fā)生反硝化作用,產(chǎn)生氮?dú)?,使污泥上?。涣硗?,廢水中含油量過(guò)大,污泥可能挾油上浮。另外也可考慮增設(shè)一套除油裝置。通過(guò)增加曝氣池污泥濃度或適當(dāng)減小曝氣量,也能有效控制泡沫產(chǎn)生。 泡沫問(wèn)題  由于進(jìn)水中帶有大量油脂,處理系統(tǒng)不能完全有效地將其除去,部分油脂富集于污泥中,經(jīng)轉(zhuǎn)刷充氧攪拌,產(chǎn)生大量泡沫;泥齡偏長(zhǎng),污泥老化,也易產(chǎn)生泡沫。微生物的負(fù)荷高,細(xì)菌吸取了大量營(yíng)養(yǎng)物質(zhì),由于溫度低,代謝速度較慢,積貯起大量高粘性的多糖類物質(zhì),使活性污泥的表面附著水大大增加,SVI值很高,形成污泥膨脹。但是,在實(shí)際的運(yùn)行過(guò)程中,仍存在一系列的問(wèn)題。同時(shí),高硝酸鹽濃度和低基質(zhì)濃度不利于除磷過(guò)程。研究表明,當(dāng)總污泥齡為8~10d時(shí)活性污泥中的最大磷含量為其干污泥量的4%,為異養(yǎng)菌體質(zhì)量的11%,但當(dāng)污泥齡超過(guò)15d時(shí)污泥中最大含磷量明顯下降,反而達(dá)不到最大除磷效果。由于結(jié)構(gòu)的限制,這種氧化溝雖然可以有效的去處BOD,但除磷脫氮的能力有限[7]。經(jīng)過(guò)缺氧區(qū)的反硝化作用,混合液進(jìn)入有氧區(qū),完成一次循環(huán)。在曝氣機(jī)下游,水流由曝氣區(qū)的湍流狀態(tài)變成之后的平流狀態(tài),水流維持在最小流速,保證活性污泥處于懸浮狀態(tài)(平均流速)。表面曝氣機(jī)使混合液中溶解氧DO的濃度增加到大約2~3mg/L。氧化溝曝氣混合設(shè)備有表面曝氣機(jī)、曝氣轉(zhuǎn)刷或轉(zhuǎn)盤(pán)、射流曝氣器、導(dǎo)管式曝氣器和提升管式曝氣機(jī)等,近年來(lái)配合使用的還有水下推動(dòng)器[4~6]。因此氧化溝具有特殊的水力學(xué)流態(tài),既有完全混合式反應(yīng)器的特點(diǎn),又有推流式反應(yīng)器的特點(diǎn),溝內(nèi)存在明顯的溶解氧濃度梯度。至今世界上已有850多座Carrousel氧化溝和Carrousel 2000系統(tǒng)正在運(yùn)行[3]。2. Carrousel氧化溝的結(jié)構(gòu)  Carrousel氧化溝是1967年由荷蘭的DHV公司開(kāi)發(fā)研制。這些氧化溝由于在結(jié)構(gòu)和運(yùn)行上存在差異,因此各具特點(diǎn)[2]。由于其出水水質(zhì)好、運(yùn)行穩(wěn)定、管理方便等技術(shù)特點(diǎn),已經(jīng)在國(guó)內(nèi)外廣泛的應(yīng)用于生活污水和工業(yè)污水的治理[1]。氧化溝污水處理工藝是在20世紀(jì)50年代由荷蘭衛(wèi)生工程研究所研制成功的。最后,介紹了Carrousel氧化溝的最新的研究進(jìn)展并指出了未來(lái)的主要研究方向。 H233。給水排水,1999,25(3):27~30。[17] 白曉慧,王寶貞。氧化溝脫氮除磷工藝的運(yùn)行控制。冶金礦山設(shè)計(jì)與建設(shè),2000,32(6):23~27。[15] 黃伏根,朱炳林。水下推動(dòng)器對(duì)氧化溝混合液的循環(huán)作用。改善氧化溝流速分布的措施    中國(guó)給水排水,2001,17(2):16~18。給水排水,2002,28(5):26~29。[12] 吳昊,劉慶臣,李強(qiáng)利等。氧化溝活性污泥膨脹原因及控制措施。廣西土木建筑,1998,23(4):183~187。[10] 張華。昆明第一污水廠氧化溝工藝運(yùn)行實(shí)踐及分析。 Keesman, .。給水排水,1999,25(8):13~18。[5] 朱謀溪。導(dǎo)管式氧化溝設(shè)計(jì)介紹。北京化學(xué)工業(yè)出版社,2000。 van Groenestijn, J. W. Use of contact tank to enhance denitrification in oxidation ditches. Water Science and Technology, 1996, 34(12):195~~1117.[3] 汪大,雷樂(lè)成。 Making use of DO, etc. of ORP many targets supervises and control the technique and changes the technique of is from now on the carrouseloxidizes ditchsciencecirculatenecessarilyfromitroad. 4 Increasing the Carrousel oxidizes the ditch resistant to cold and bear toxicity can, reduce to cover the area to build the price with the application, deep pond in water power term with the research of the craft function is to lowers the engineering builds the price and increases resistant to cold bear the toxicity can wait to provide the possible direction.[1] Xia Shibin, Liu Junxin. An innovative integrated oxidation ditch with vertical circle for domestic wastewater treatment. Process Biochemistry, 2004, 39(4):1117[2] X, Hao。Three is to used the advanced spirit controller QUTE.( it adopt the much aer kind of changing the deal control mode)f our is to adopt the integral whole turn the design, starting from the center, Including below wreath form consecuuon craft the well of waterwiththecent watermachine thatused for the liveand dirty mire in reflux。( can amount to 7 39。 ms, even larger}, but the bottom current velocity is very small( especially at the water is deep 2/3 or 3/4 below, mix with the liquid has no current velocity almost), causing ditch bottom large quantity accumulate the mire( sometimes accumulate the mire thickness amount to a ms), the valid capacity that reduced to oxidize the ditch consumedly, lowered to handle result, affected a water fluid matter. Moreover, pass in the spirit on board swim to establish the underwater push machine can also turn to the spirit of the liquid of admixture that brush the bottom low speed area circulates to flow to rise positive push function, from but the solution oxidizes the problem that low and dirty mire in current velocity in bottom in ditch sink accumulates,Establish the underwater push machine useds for exclusivelythe push mixs withtheliquidcan make movementmethod that oxidize the ditch much more vivid, this for economy energy, lift the highefficiency having the very important meaning[141. 5. The Carrousel oxidizes the development of the ditch Because the dirty water handles standard inside to divided by the phosphorus take off the nitrogenous request more and more strict, the development that Carrousel further oxidized the ditch to also , the research and application includes morely below two category type:Tiny bore spirit type Carrousel 2000 systems, Carrousel 3000 system. TIny bore spirit type Carrousel 2000 system Tiny bore spirit type Carrousel 2000 tiny bore in adoption in system spirit( provide oxygen equipments as the drum breeze machine), the tiny bore spirit machine can produce the diameter of large quantity as a surface for or so and small spirit steeping, this consumedly increases spirit bubble accumulates, undering the certain circumstance in capacity in pond make the oxygen transfer the gross measures aggrandizement.( if deep increment in pond, its spread the quality efficiency will be higher)Produce the technique ability of the factory house according to the current drum breeze machine, the valid waterof thepond is deepbiggestamountingtoa8 ms, therefore can select by exa
點(diǎn)擊復(fù)制文檔內(nèi)容
范文總結(jié)相關(guān)推薦
文庫(kù)吧 www.dybbs8.com
備案圖鄂ICP備17016276號(hào)-1