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畢業(yè)論文-我國城鄉(xiāng)一體化社會養(yǎng)老保險體制研究(參考版)

2025-01-19 22:03本頁面
  

【正文】 屏住呼吸,生活停滯;呼出呼吸,更多新奇與經(jīng)歷又將拉開序幕。 Whenever a painful situation arises in your life, try to embrace it instead of running away or trying to mask the hurt. When the sadness strikes, take a deep breath and lean into it. When we run away from sadness that’s unfolding in our lives, it gets stronger and more real. We take an emotion that’s fleeting and make it a solid event, instead of something that passes through ,別再逃跑或隱藏痛苦,試著擁抱它吧;當悲傷來襲時,試著深呼吸,然后直面它。既然如此,何不嘗試打開心門,擁抱生活中的各種可能,讓世界感化我們呢? Whenever we start to let our fears and seriousness get the best of us, we should take a step back and reevaluate our behavior. The items listed below are six ways you can open your heart more fully and ,我們應(yīng)該退后一步,重新反思自己的言行。 instead of letting the world soften us, we let it drive us deeper into ourselves. We try to deflect the hurt and pain by pretending it doesn’t exist, but although we can try this all we want, in the end, we can’t hide from ourselves. We need to learn to open our hearts to the potentials of life and let the world soften ,我們常常會關(guān)上心門;世界不僅沒能慰藉我們,反倒使我們更加消沉。t want to give vent to out your inner voice can be in the high school children of the feelings in a period, but was eventually infarction when graduation party in the throat, later again stood on the pitch he has sweat profusely, looked at his thrown a basketball hoops, suddenly found himself has already can39。t really grow up, it seems is not so important。 The end of our life, and can meet many things really do? 而窮盡我們的一 生,又能遇到多少事情是真正地非做不可? During my childhood, think lucky money and new clothes are necessary for New Year, but as the advance of the age, will be more and more found that those things are optional。總覺得自 己似乎應(yīng)該去做點什么,或者寫點什么。 May be back in the past, to oneself the paranoid weird belief disillusionment, these days, my mind has been very messy, in my mind constantly. Always feel oneself should go to do something, or write something. Twenty years of life trajectory deeply shallow, suddenly feel something, do 開頭的年齡已經(jīng)到了尾聲。s actions. CSKA said they were surprised and disappointed by Toure39。s 21 win. Michel Platini, president of European football39。s Premier League match at Chelsea on Sunday. I am going to be at the match tomorrow and I have asked to meet Ya ya Toure, he told BBC Sport. For me it39。s antiracism taskforce, is in London for the Football Association39。t appealed against the disciplinary action your employer has taken against you. However, if you win your case, the tribunal may reduce any pensation awarded to you as a result of your failure to appeal. Remember that in most cases you must make an application to an employment tribunal within three months of the date when the event you are plaining about happened. If your application is received after this time limit, the tribunal will not usually accept i. If you are worried about how the time limits apply to you If you are being represented by a solicitor at the tribunal, they may ask you to sign an agreement where you pay their fee out of your pensation if you win the case. This is known as a damagesbased agreement. In England and Wales, your solicitor can39。 ag an employment tribunal clai Emloyment tribunals sort out disagreements between employers and employees. You may need to make a claim to an employment tribunal if: you don39。在此,謹向我的導(dǎo)師表示由衷的敬意與萬分的感激。她百忙抽空為我論文提出寶貴的意見,幫助我開拓寫作思路。建立與健全城鄉(xiāng)一體化的社會養(yǎng)老保險保障制度,是加快建立覆蓋城鄉(xiāng)居民的社會保障體系的重要組成部分,體現(xiàn)了國家對“三農(nóng)”問題的關(guān)注,這對保障農(nóng)民老年的基本生活,推動農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展、社會的全面進步以及逐步縮小城鄉(xiāng)差距,維護農(nóng)村社會穩(wěn)定有著重大意義。三是國家、企業(yè)、個人共同承擔養(yǎng)老責任,資金來源多元化,有利于實現(xiàn)資金平衡。第二層次正好與之相反,實行基金積累制,受金融風險影響較大,但對人口年齡結(jié)構(gòu)變化不敏感,兩者結(jié)合可以較好的分散風險。精神慰藉也是老年生活不可或缺的一部分,家庭養(yǎng)老也就成為養(yǎng)老保障體制的一個有益補充。以上所述的三種模式,是為老年人的老年生活提供必要的收入,是一種物質(zhì)保障,而在享有物質(zhì)保障的同時,給老年人適當?shù)木裎拷逡彩窍喈斢斜匾?。保費收入完全由商業(yè)化運作,每個人的保障水平由個人偏好和經(jīng)濟實力決定。 第三層次商業(yè)保險。年金繳費計入個人賬戶,實行基金制模式。面向所有的居民,具有強制性,但是繳費等級和年金水平具有可選擇性。 第二層次強制性年金。所以,國民養(yǎng)老金只能使居民達到最低的生活保障水平。當然,如果這一層次的養(yǎng)老金過高,會影響勞動力市場上的勞動供給,大家都傾向于提前退休,企業(yè)的用工成本將上升。因此,每個人領(lǐng)取的養(yǎng)老金與他的繳費沒有任何關(guān)系。 主要提供精神慰藉,作為養(yǎng)老 保險的重要補充 第一層次國民養(yǎng)老金,由中央政府統(tǒng)一管理,繳費情況采用稅收的形式,類似于個人所得稅,采用累進制的征稅形式。確保老年人的基本生活保障,突出養(yǎng)老保險的保障功能。但是,我國的城市與農(nóng)村之間,社會各階層之間差別很大,因此,建立多層次的社會保障體制是一種必然趨勢。因此,養(yǎng)老保險制度要統(tǒng)籌考慮國家財政、企業(yè)和個人的承受能力,在不影響企業(yè)國際競爭力和個人就業(yè)的條件下,確定適度的保障水平。我國的養(yǎng)老保險制度滯后于經(jīng)濟體制改革,覆蓋面偏窄,未被覆蓋的勞動者不能充分分享經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的好處 。 “三保合一”模式是社會養(yǎng)老保險城鄉(xiāng)一體化的典型,在奉化的成功經(jīng)驗告訴 我們,可以在經(jīng)濟有條件的地區(qū)逐步實現(xiàn)更大范圍的一體化。 (以上數(shù)據(jù)來自寧波大學(xué)商學(xué)院暑期社會實踐資料) 表 2: 2022 年奉化地區(qū)主要經(jīng)濟指標 農(nóng)業(yè)占 GDP 比重 農(nóng)業(yè)勞動力比重 工農(nóng)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu) 人均 GDP % % : 39075 元 從以上三項指標來看,奉化已經(jīng)完全具備了建立新型農(nóng)村社會養(yǎng)老保險的經(jīng)濟條件。根據(jù)調(diào)查顯示, %的老人認為該模式緩解了子女養(yǎng)老或者是自我養(yǎng)老的壓力; %的認為很大程度上有緩 解。這些互通機制的建立,使城鄉(xiāng)群眾因身份、戶籍和保障需求的變化可適時選擇不同的養(yǎng)老保障,實現(xiàn)了城鄉(xiāng)一體、無縫銜接。 六,建立各項養(yǎng)老 保險(障)制度之間的互通機制。目前,浙江省內(nèi)出臺的被征地人員養(yǎng)老保障、城鎮(zhèn)老年居民養(yǎng)老保障和新型農(nóng)村養(yǎng)老保障等養(yǎng)老保障政策中都未實行喪葬費補貼,致使那些個人賬戶余額為零的享受人員死亡后因其親屬未能及時辦理終止手續(xù),多領(lǐng)、冒領(lǐng)養(yǎng)老金現(xiàn)象時有發(fā)生。 五,率先在全省實行喪葬費補貼。 四,政策設(shè)計中,強調(diào)以人為本,人性化管理。男年滿 60 周歲、女年滿 55 周歲的,投保次月就可領(lǐng)取養(yǎng)老金。 二,一次繳費終生享受。 根據(jù)分析, “ 三保合一 ” 具有六大特點: 一,實現(xiàn)了社會養(yǎng)老保障 的 城鄉(xiāng)統(tǒng)籌。從 2022 年 7 月 1 日開始, 奉化市將對被征地人員養(yǎng)老 保險 、城鎮(zhèn)居民養(yǎng)老 保險 和新型農(nóng)村養(yǎng)老保險,進行統(tǒng)一繳費標準、統(tǒng)一待遇標準 、統(tǒng)一經(jīng)辦機構(gòu)、統(tǒng)一操作、統(tǒng)一管理,實現(xiàn) “三保合一 ”。 ⑤ 2022 年完善我國新型農(nóng)村社會養(yǎng)老保險制度研究 我國城鄉(xiāng)一體化社會養(yǎng)老保險
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